Emotion and Communication: Types, Levels, and Technology's Impact - Prof. Neighbors, Exams of Communication and Development studies

Download Emotion and Communication: Types, Levels, and Technology's Impact - Prof. Neighbors and more Exams Communication and Development studies in PDF only on Docsity! Exam Two Review Emotion and Communication • types of emotion (internal, relationship) • internal emotion - the kind of emotion that you feel about yourself • relationship emotion - “emotions you need other people for” (ex. jealousy) • positive-negative axis • happy/sad • passive-active axis • emotions that either do or do not involve action • levels of generality • abstract vs. concrete • meta-emotions • “i am angry that i am impatient” • emotions about other emotions • biological model vs. social model • social model of emotion • we can see that different cultures center around different things • biological model of emotion • we feel emotions for the purpose of self-continuation • we feel love so that we reproduce and repopulate • if this model is true, then what attracts us to others should remain stagnant • emotional experience • emotional experience - actually feeling the emotion (“butterflies”) • emotional communication • emotional communication - when you tell another person about your emotions (“I feel...”) • communicating emotionally • communicating emotionally - the content of your communication is not about emotion, but the way you communicate is heavily influenced by emotion (demonstrate emotions through unrelated actions) • improving emotional communication • recognizing when youʼre feeling an emotion • establish that youʼre feeling an emotion with the other person • articulate the “what” and the “why” • dependent upon whether you want to share the emotion in the first place • is sharing the emotion time and context appropriate? • own your emotions - taking verbal responsibility for them; “i feel...” • reframing - when we re-articulate the circumstances surrounding an emotion • empathy - the ability to put yourself in anotherʼs place • influences on emotional communication • culture - differences in the way we express emotions in different circumstances • the kind of language cultures use (Chinese have 15 words for “sad”) • gender - women are considered more emotional than men and thus are most accepted when they display emotion • context - time and place restrictions • feeling rules • the norms by which people are supposed to express their emotions and how we are supposed to react to othersʼ display of emotion • emotional contagion • a person who has a natural gift for transferring their emotions to others Listening • hearing vs. listening • hearing is a physiological process • you hear 100% of what occurs in your environment • listening is the active, purposeful attention to certain sounds in your environment • four stages of listening • receiving - hearing and attending to a message (includes some form of acknowledgement) • recalling - understanding a message and storing it for future use • rating - evaluation of a message, distinguishing between fact, inference, and opinion • responding - observable feedback is provided to the sender (verbal or nonverbal) • facts, inferences, opinions • a fact is something that can be observed with the five senses, not necessarily your own • we draw conclusions based on the data we have available, which may be incomplete • opinions - a amalgam of beliefs and inferences • impediments to listening • noise • message overload - too many messages, creating difficulty in listening to one in particular • message complexity - when what the sender is saying is beyond your ability to comprehend • preoccupation - when youʼre paying attention to something else • listening gap - the time difference between our ability to hear something and our ability to comprehend it • selective listening - listening to some things but not others • logorrhea - when you talk too much • feign attention • gap filling - when we quit paying attention because we assume what theyʼre going to say next • defensive listening - when we view innocent comments as personal attacks • ambushing - to listen for the sake of collecting information to use later on • being hung up on appearance, unable to get past it • conversational narcissism • habitually directing the conversation back to oneself • older people are more blindly patriotic • conversations of different generations will emphasize different subjects • grandparentsʼ generation believed that it was bad to talk about religions • current generation does not talk about politics but will talk about sex, use profanity publicly • context • the situation (time, relational history) weʼre in affects our words • ex. teasing - the difference between affectionate teasing and bullying is context- based • idiom • a word or phrase that has specific meaning for a group of people that is not derived from a direct translation • phatic communication • words or phrases that are used for interpersonal contact but arenʼt meant to be translated; “later” meaning goodbye, but not seen as making plans • code-switching • moving back and forth between languages • linguistic determinism vs. linguistic relativity • linguistic determinism is how we talk about things determine how we think about things; we cannot imagine something for which we do have words • linguistic relativity hypothesis - the language we have influences our perceptions, but is not the only controlling factor • speakers of different languages will deal with different situations differently • codability • the ease with which a concept can be expressed in words within a language • problems • gendered language (“generic he”) • racist language (“I got gypped”) • static evaluation - when you refer to someone or talk to someone as though youʼre in a different stage of your relationship than you actually are (ex. talking to an ex as if youʼre still dating) • polarization - when you speak in extremes (either brilliant or an idiot) • reification - tendency to respond to a label, rather than to the people whom the label is trying to describe (the Republican being greedy) • disconfirmation - when youʼre verbally unsupportive, purposefully neutral, or ignore something altogether (discomforting when youʼre looking for support) • ambiguity - by itself not a negative thing, but strategic ambiguity is when weʼre trying to gain an advantage or improve our position (using “they” to avoid revealing the gender of someone) • strategic ambiguity • being intentionally ambiguous • equivocation Technology • anonymity vs. pseudonymity vs. identity • identity (your identity) <–––> pseudonymity (assumed identity) <–––> anonymity (no identity) • anonymity makes you literally no one, your language stands on its own without any association with you • removes the relational history from the equation • every conversation you have with an anonymous person is a fresh start • you can never even be sure that itʼs the same anonymous person • removes social rules of engagement (prohibitions about speaking about things • it reduces civility (when people can say what they want, they will) • changes the nature of self-disclosure (trust becomes irrelevant) • alters the nature of reciprocity • pseudonymity is a constructed identity, like a screen name or a made up background; it is a steady identity that builds a reputation • identity is when you remain the same person online as you are in real life (Facebook, OASIS) • one of the advantages of identity is that you can claim your own work • changing models • linear model (reading) • transactional model (email) • interactional model (chatting) • accessibility • the ability to access it due to wealth (rich/poor, haves/have nots) and it reinforces the same gap • the ability to use technology once youʼve acquired one (the grandma problem)