Download Population and Demographic Trends: Definitions and Key Concepts and more Quizzes Human Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Total Fertility Rate DEFINITION 1 average number of children born to women during their lifetime TERM 2 Rate of Natural Increase DEFINITION 2 computed by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate TERM 3 Demographic Cycles DEFINITION 3 Over time, populations tend to go through different stages, which tend to mirror relative economic development or underdevelopment TERM 4 Death Rates DEFINITION 4 -do not vary as much from core to periphery TERM 5 Demographic Transition Model DEFINITION 5 model of population change that compares long-term historical patterns TERM 6 strong correlation between economic development and fertility DEFINITION 6 -Traditional values and customs concerning reproduction, femininity, masculinity, role of children, etc., in the folk cultures of the periphery -Differential access to modern forms of contraception TERM 7 role of women DEFINITION 7 -Periphery: traditional roles as mothers and farmers; children seen as an economic asset -Core: radical critique of traditional roles; children are an economic liability; women put off having children until later in life, decreasing fertility rates drastically TERM 8 Population Problems: India DEFINITION 8 -Population now over 1 billion and growing at 2% per annum - Federal government took a proactive role in population reduction in the 1970s -Dispersed contraceptives, family planning clinics, public relations campaign -Met with public resistance because these did not dovetail with traditional ideals about reproduction and the family -Results have been mixed at best TERM 9 population problems: China DEFINITION 9 -pop passed 1 billion and was increasing at 2.4% per annum -gov took a forceful role in population reduction -Tax incentives and other laws enacted to encourage couples not to have children - One-child-only policy enacted and rigidly enforced -Public relations campaign appealing to the patriotism of the citizenry -Results were very successful This came with some heavy social costs, however (e.g. higher abortions of female fetuses and heavy male gender imbalance) TERM 10 Thomas Malthus DEFINITION 10 -Writing when England was in Stage 2 of the Demographic -Argued that population was growing exponentially, but food supplies were only growing arithmetically -Predicted that this unchecked growth would result in a crisis punctuated by famine and social and economic collapse -failed to predict new agricultural innovations (crop rotation) that led to increases in productivity in the 19th and 20th centuries, even in some of the poorest countries in the world
