Exploring Motivation & Job Satisfaction: Maslow, McClelland, & Herzberg's Theories, Quizzes of Organization Behaviour

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TERM 1 motivation DEFINITION 1 psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior TERM 2 needs DEFINITION 2 psychological or physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior TERM 3 Maslow Hierarchy Theory DEFINITION 3 * physiological (salary) *security (stable jobs) *love/belongingness (socialization) *esteem (recognition, rewards, more responsibility) *self actualization (looking out for others give back) TERM 4 McClelland's Need Theory DEFINITION 4 *need for achievement: desire to accomplish something difficult *need for affiliation: desire to spend time in social relationships and activities *need for power: desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve TERM 5 job design DEFINITION 5 changing the content and/or process of a specific job to increase job satisfaction and performance TERM 6 job enlargement DEFINITION 6 putting more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty; aka horizontally loading the job TERM 7 job rotation DEFINITION 7 moving employees from one specialized job to another TERM 8 motivators DEFINITION 8 job characteristics associated with job satisfaction -motivate -challenging work, advancement, and responsibility - Herzberg's Theory TERM 9 Hygiene Factors DEFINITION 9 job characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction -don't motivate -salary, good working conditions, supervision - what's expected of a job -Herzberg's Theory TERM 10 job enrichment DEFINITION 10 building achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement into a job TERM 21 sense of competence (intrinsic motivation model) DEFINITION 21 feelings of accomplishment associated with doing high- quality work; the accomplishment you feel in skillfully performing task activities you have chosen TERM 22 sense of progress (intrinsic motivation model) DEFINITION 22 feeling that one is accomplishing something important; the accomplishment you feel in achieving the task purpose TERM 23 job satisfaction DEFINITION 23 an affective or emotional response to one's job TERM 24 organization citizenship behaviors (OCBs) DEFINITION 24 employee behaviors that exceed work-role requirements TERM 25 withdrawal cognitions DEFINITION 25 overall thoughts & feelings about quitting a job TERM 26 Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs) DEFINITION 26 types of behavior that harm employees and the organization as a whole; includes: mistreatment of others and violence at work TERM 27 Equity Theory DEFINITION 27 holds that motivation is a function of fairness in social exchanges -what I get compared to what others get TERM 28 negative inequity DEFINITION 28 comparison in which another person receives greater outcomes for similar outputs -when you have less than others TERM 29 positive inequity DEFINITION 29 comparison in which another person receives lesser outcomes for similar outputs -when you have more than others TERM 30 equity sensitivity DEFINITION 30 a person's tolerance for negative & positive equity *benevolents: ppl who have higher tolerance of negative inequity *sensitives: ppl who adhere to a strict norm of recirprocity & are quickly motivated to resolve both negative & positive inequity *entitleds: ppl who have no tolerance for negative inequity TERM 31 distributive justice DEFINITION 31 the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed TERM 32 procedural justice DEFINITION 32 the perceived fairness of the process & procedures used to make allocation decisions TERM 33 interactional justice DEFINITION 33 extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented TERM 34 expectancy theory DEFINITION 34 holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes TERM 35 Vroom's Expectancy Theory DEFINITION 35 *Expectancy:belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance *instrumentality: a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance *valence: the value of a reward or outcome TERM 46 intrinsic rewards DEFINITION 46 self-granted, psychic rewards TERM 47 pay for performance DEFINITION 47 monetary incentives tied to one's results or accomplishments TERM 48 Thorndike's Law of Effect DEFINITION 48 behavior with favorable consequences is repeated; behavior with unfavorable consequences disappears TERM 49 respondent behavior DEFINITION 49 Skinner's term for unlearned stimulus-response reflexes TERM 50 operant behavior DEFINITION 50 Skinner's term for learned, consequence-shaped behavior TERM 51 positive reinforcement DEFINITION 51 making behavior occur more often by contingently presenting something positive TERM 52 negative reinforcement DEFINITION 52 making behavior occur more often by contingently withdrawing something negative TERM 53 punishment DEFINITION 53 making behavior occur less often by contingently presenting something negative or withdrawing something positive TERM 54 extinction DEFINITION 54 making behavior occur less often by ignoring or not reinforcing it TERM 55 continuous reinforcement DEFINITION 55 reinforcing every instance of a behavior TERM 56 intermittent reinforcement DEFINITION 56 reinforcing some but not all instances of behavior TERM 57 shaping DEFINITION 57 reinforcing closer and closer approximations to a target behavior TERM 58 group DEFINITION 58 two or more freely interacting people who shared norms and goals and a common identity TERM 59 formal group DEFINITION 59 formed by the organization TERM 60 informal group DEFINITION 60 formed by friends TERM 71 team DEFINITION 71 small group with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for common purpose, goals, and approach this criteria must be met: -leadership becomes a shared activity - accountability shifts from strictly individual to individual and collective -the group develops its own purpose or mission -problem solving becomes a way of life -effectiveness is measured by collective outcomes and products TERM 72 team building DEFINITION 72 experiential learning aimed at better internal functioning of groups TERM 73 trust DEFINITION 73 reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behavior 6 guidelines for building trust: 1. communication 2. respect 3. support 4. fairness 5. predictability 6. competence TERM 74 self-managed teams DEFINITION 74 groups of employees granted administrative oversight for their work TERM 75 cross-functionalism DEFINITION 75 team made up of technical specialists from different areas TERM 76 virtual teams DEFINITION 76 group members in different locations who conduct business using information technology TERM 77 groupthink DEFINITION 77 Janis' term for a cohesive in-group's unwillingness to realistically view alternatives Symptoms of groupthink: invulnerability, inherent morality, rationalization, stereotyped views of opposition, self-censorship, illusion of unanimity, peer pressure, mindguards TERM 78 social loafing DEFINITION 78 decrease in individual effort as group size increases TERM 79 classical conditioning DEFINITION 79 modifying behavior so that a condition stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response *conditioned stimulus + unconditioned stimulus= unconditioned response *Pavlow study TERM 80 operant conditioning DEFINITION 80 modifying behavior through the use of negative or positive consequences after a specific behavior