Download Geology Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Sediment DEFINITION 1 Material such as gravel,sand, mud, and lime that is transported by wind, water, ice, or gravity TERM 2 Sedimentary rock DEFINITION 2 formed by the accumulation and consolidation of sediment; hard TERM 3 How is sedimentary rock lithified? DEFINITION 3 by compaction and cementation TERM 4 Basin DEFINITION 4 Halite Gypsum Chert TERM 5 Source DEFINITION 5 Breccia Conglomerate TERM 6 Downstream DEFINITION 6 Arkose Lithic Sandstone TERM 7 Swamp DEFINITION 7 Coal TERM 8 Beach DEFINITION 8 Quatz Sandstone Coquina TERM 9 Offshore DEFINITION 9 Siltstone Shale TERM 10 Reef DEFINITION 10 Limestone TERM 21 Burial Metamorphism DEFINITION 21 -Most common type, occurs where crust is greater than 5 km thick. -Relatively low temperature and pressure (low grade metamorphism). TERM 22 parent rock of marble, quartzite, and slate DEFINITION 22 marble--- limestone quartzite---- sandstone slate--- shale TERM 23 Mineral developed in schist and phyllite DEFINITION 23 Mica Minerals TERM 24 Big Bang DEFINITION 24 reigning theory of the formation of the universe TERM 25 Age of Universe DEFINITION 25 13.7 Billion years TERM 26 theory of formation of solar system DEFINITION 26 Nebular theory TERM 27 Planetary Differentiation DEFINITION 27 during the time of partial melting, all the terrestrial planets seperated into 3 layers of differing physical and chemical compostion Crust - outer layer Mantle - middle layer Core - center TERM 28 Uniqueness of Earth DEFINITION 28 hydrosphere- water in 3 phases biosphere- plants and animals plate tectonics- crust, mantle, and core in motion TERM 29 difference between Jovian and Terrestrial planets DEFINITION 29 Terrestrial planets are planets that are dense and rocky, with a solid surface (small). Jovian planets are large, gaseous, and do not have an easily definable surface. TERM 30 System Science DEFINITION 30 1. Systems are defined by how energy and matter cross the boundaries. 2. The boundaries of a system can be defined however you want. 3. Portions of the universe that can be separated from the rest for the purpose of studying changes in them. TERM 31 3 types of systems DEFINITION 31 Isolated--- no mass and no energy Closed--- no mass but energy Open--- is mass but no energy TERM 32 Principle Of Uniformitarianism DEFINITION 32 uniformitarianism assumes that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now, have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. TERM 33 relative dating DEFINITION 33 The age of a rock, fossil, or other feature measured relative to another. TERM 34 absolute dating DEFINITION 34 The age of a rock in years. TERM 35 stratum DEFINITION 35 distinct layer of sediment
