Anxiety Disorders: Types, Etiology, Effective Treatments, and Specific Phobias, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

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TERM 1 fear DEFINITION 1 fight or flight alarm to PRESENT danger TERM 2 panic DEFINITION 2 -fear in absence of danger (no reason)-sense of doom ( ur gonna die) TERM 3 anxiety DEFINITION 3 -blend of unpleasant emotion and cognitions (worry)-future- orienteed responsegood things: pushes you to do things (no studying for exam because no anxiety TERM 4 Yerkes - dodson curve DEFINITION 4 - highest performance = medium anxietyperformanace + arousal TERM 5 elements of anxiety/panic DEFINITION 5 -physiological response -negative cognitions. subjective distress -worry-negative expectation for future behavioral component -strong urge to escape/flee-avoidance to feared stimuli TERM 6 phobias DEFINITION 6 specific phobias social anxiety disorder (social phobia) agoraphobia -persistent strong fear of specific object. situation (w/o justification) - little or no actual danger -significant avoidance- phobic stimulus -fear response (smilier to panic) -anticipation of object -representations of object-significant avoidance -unpleaant internal phobic response -irrational appraisal of danger TERM 7 anxiety disorder types DEFINITION 7 phobias panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder TERM 8 anxiety disorder etiology DEFINITION 8 -biological factors: genetics, underlying neural correlates- psychological factors: classical conditioning, perceived lack of control, distored cognitions TERM 9 effective treatments for anxiety disorder DEFINITION 9 -exposure - based treatments- cognitive restructuring techniques-medication (anti anxiety or antidepressants) TERM 10 specific phobia DEFINITION 10 -marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable and is triggered by the presence of a specific object or situation-exposure to phobic stimulus provokes an immediate anxiety response/ panic attack-person recognizes fear is excess or unreasonable (unless under 18)-phobic situation avoided or endured with intense anxiety or distress-symptoms interfere significantly with normal functioning or there is marked distresstypes: animal: animal or insect natural environment: storms or heights blood/injections/injury: blood, needles vasovagel syncope: slowing heart rates and low BP makignt ppl pass to in sight of blood situstional tunnels, bridges, elevators' choking, voming, costumes TERM 21 panic disorder treatment DEFINITION 21 medication-benzodiazepines (xanax, klonopin) benefit: act quick cons: drowsy, sedation, impaired cognitive and motor performance, physiological dependence, interns withdrawal symptoms, high relapse rate -antidepressants benefits: no physiological dependence, help combed disorders cons: 4 weeks take effect, side effects, high relapse after discontinuation CBT-interoceptive exposure: of the body, -to physical sensation associated with panic (breathing out straw, running in place) - you learn you won't die-cognitive restructuring -changing thoughts -no auto thoughts of in going to die or get hurt, recognizing physiological symptoms will go away-more effective than meds -more effective treatment than if you don't get medication TERM 22 agoraphobia treatment DEFINITION 22 behavioral therapy-situational exposure -in-vivo if possible- self help an additional option -involve family members TERM 23 generalized anxiety disorder DEFINITION 23 -worry -chronic, excessive, unreasonable-many aspects of life-difficult to control- at least 3 related physical psychological symptoms-at least 6 months- impairments/distress-not better accounted for by otherrisk factors subject to uncontrollable, unpredictable events intolerance of uncertainty cognitive threat bias genetic, neurotransmitter, neurobiological risk low SES maintaing factors: superstitious belief worry prevents catastrophe worry avoids worse worry worry helps me prepare treatments:pharmacotheprapy anxiolytics (physical symptoms-muscle tension, dependence ) busiprone (no dependence, greater effect on psychological factor (only effective if you haven't taken antidepressants) -worry component antidepressants - someone that will increase seratonin TERM 24 GAD DEFINITION 24 -treatment: CBT-behavioral techniques -breakthing retraining, -PMR, Progressive muscle relaxation (flex then relax diff parts of body)-cognitive restructuring -reducing disorted cognitions -address biases-compared with anxiolytics -as good as anxiolytics -fewer dropouts -can help with anxiolytics weaning TERM 25 obsessive compulsive disorder DEFINITION 25 -disporder where compulsive behaviors are engaged in order to reduce unwanted anxiety cause obsessions-presence of obsession, compulsions or both-obsession or complusion do at least one of the following -take yp time (>1 hr day) -cause problems in someones life -significantly interfere with daily functions-not caused by substance/another disorder TERM 26 obsessions DEFINITION 26 -recurrent and persistent thoguhts, impulses, or images- cause anxiety or distress-want to ignore/suppress-recognized they are products of own mindex. contatimnation fears, fear of harming oneself or others, blasphemous thoughts, pathological doubts, sexually oriented TERM 27 compulsions DEFINITION 27 rituals-repetivitve behaviors or mental acts-aimed to reduce distress or preventing feared event-provides temporary reliefex. chealing, checking, repearting, ordering, arranging, praying, counting, repeat ohase TERM 28 ocd characteristics DEFINITION 28 1.6% US prevalence-usually begins in young adulthood or early adulthood - can occur in children-equally prevalent across genders, racial and ethnic groups-gradual onset- usually chronic TERM 29 biological causal factors DEFINITION 29 -moderate genertic heritability-increased prevalence in first degree relatives-different patterns of brain activity TERM 30 orbitofrontal cortex DEFINITION 30 involed in inhibiting behavior and controlling flexible behavior TERM 31 psychological causal factors DEFINITION 31 -learned behaviors -associated of a neutral stimuli with frightening thought -behavior to reduce anxiety-cognitive facotrs -effects of thought suppression -supressing a thoguht makes you think more about it -ignoring thoughts makes it become out of control -inflated sense of responsibility -thought action fusion -thinknig about something bad is JUST AS bad as doing -attentional bias -low confidence in memory TERM 32 OCD treatment DEFINITION 32 exposure and response preovention -- habituation--over time you get use to the exposure and you have less anxiety-gold standard treatment - edna foaexpose indivdiuals to feared stimuli and prevent compulsions - use of fear hierarchy to create exposure hierarchy-key is prolonged and repeated exposuresdifficulites? - egodystonic (symptoms dont go along with your conceptions of self, fustrated with her compuslions, didnt go along with who she thought she was) VS egosutonic (goes along as who you think as a person) -treatment resistance TERM 33 treatment effectiveness DEFINITION 33 those who stick with treatment see 50-70% reduction in symptoms-improvement in quality of life-76% maintain treatment gains 1 yr follow up-superior to results obtained via medication TERM 34 body dysmorphic disorder DEFINITION 34 -preoccupationation with certain aspects of the body-equal prevalence in men and women, but focused on different things-adolescent onset-high risk of suicide-dont seek psychological treatment -usually com ein for secondary condition -medical or cometic instead-can lead to repetitive behaviors or mental acts TERM 35 trichotillomania DEFINITION 35 hair pulling disorder-repetitive hair pulling from scalp, eyelash, eyebrown, pubic area-want to pull haircan occur outsider of consciousnesssensory stimulation TERM 46 psychological treatment DEFINITION 46 ADULTS-cognitive processing therapy-prolonged exposure- eye movement desensitiztion and reprecessing (EMDR)- critical incident stress debreifin (CISD)CHILDREN-trauma focused cognitive behavioral therpay TERM 47 CPT DEFINITION 47 developed for rape victims (resick)12 sessions +A lot of homeworksession content-trauma psychoeducation-meaning of traumatic event-identification of "stuck points"-trauma marrative (exposure)-challenging stuck points-trauma's affect on themes of safety, trust, power/control, esteem, intimacy-final hw: meaning of trauma again TERM 48 PE (prolonged exposure) DEFINITION 48 EDNA FOAimaginal exposure-repeat recounting of traumatic event, said aloud-use SUDS to track distrss before, during and after-in-vivo exposures -similar to other exposures - expose self to people/places/things-prolonged exposure vs CPT TERM 49 -trauma focused cognitive behavioral therpay (TF CBT) DEFINITION 49 for children/adolescents early sessions focus on psychoeducation/bawsic CBT -also meet with parent work with child to develop trauma narrative use feelings thermometer to rate feelings from 0-10 therapist shares narrative with parent child shares narrative with parent TERM 50 other treatments DEFINITION 50 EMDR-recall distressing images whil receiving sensory impit to elict side to side eye movements(eye movement = placebo effect)CISD- brief intervention immediately following trauma, single session, considered unethical (worse than nothing because they talk about trauma and dont revisit it)MEDS - antidepressants, antipsychotics, not as effective as CPT/PE TERM 51 issues with assesment and treatment DEFINITION 51 alot go undetectedassumption that it will go awayavoidancestigma and shame TERM 52 bulimia nervosa DEFINITION 52 -invisible eating disorder (underwieght or overweight)- characterized by recurrent binge eating and recurrent compensatory behaviors-self evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and sizeCHARACTERISTICS-personality -perfectionism, low self esteem, impulsive, sensation seeking (novel experiences)- comorbidity 80%EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COURSEprevalcence-1-3% prevalence for woemen.1 -.5% for menmorality rate-3.9%1/2 -1/3 achieve full or partial remission TERM 53 compensatory behaviors DEFINITION 53 counteract binge and prevent weight gain-vom, excersie, laxatives, fastingmany calories absorbed-laxatives 5% of calories lost TERM 54 Binge eating disroder DEFINITION 54 new in DSM 5-recurrent binges-binge include:eating much more rapid, large amounts of food, alone because embarassed, disgusted with self after-marked distress regarding binge eatingnot associated with use of compensatory behaviorEPIDEMIOLOGY AND COURSE-3.5% of women and 2% men-5-8% of obese-will become most common eating disorder-low morality-can be chronic (14.4 years)CHARACTERISTICSpersonality- little known , no difference between obese with and without BED- sensitivity to reward/punishment (operant conditioning )-harm avoidance-impulsive eating-comorbidyity 74% --risk of metabolic syndrome TERM 55 anorexia nervosa DEFINITION 55 decreased appetite-resitrcition of energy intake relative to needed engery -low body weight-diet, fasting, excessive excersise-binge eating/purging-compensotory behaviorsDIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA- restric energy intake --low weight -amenorrhea (no period)] - visibile eating disorder-intese fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behvior that prevent weight gain-cognitive distrubanceCHARACTERISTISCS-perfectionism (model children)- obsessionalityneuroticsm-comorbidity 80% -75% anxiety (OCD)