Anxiety Disorders: Definition, Causes, Subtypes, and Treatments, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

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TERM 1 Nature of anxiety DEFINITION 1 future oriented mood state characterized by marked negative affect TERM 2 Negative affect DEFINITION 2 somatic symptoms of tension and apprehension about future danger/ misfortune TERM 3 Biological contributions to anxiety/ panic DEFINITION 3 -inherit vulnerabilities for anxiety and panic-stress and life circumstances activate underlying vulnerability TERM 4 Biological causes & inherent vulnerabilities DEFINITION 4 -anxierty and brain circuits GABA, nonadrenergic and serotonergic systems-corticonergic releasing factor and the HYPAC axis-limbic (amygdala) and the septalhippocampla systems TERM 5 Freud DEFINITION 5 -anxiety is a psychic reaction to anger-anxiety involves reactivation of an infantile fear situation TERM 6 behaviorist views DEFINITION 6 -anxiety and fear result from direct classical and operant conditioning and modeling TERM 7 social contributions DEFINITION 7 -stressful life events as triggers of biological/psychological vulnerabilities-stressors are interpersonal and familial TERM 8 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) DEFINITION 8 -excessive uncontrollable anxious apprehension and worry about life events-strong persistent anxiety-muscle tension, fatigue, irritability-persists 6 months or more TERM 9 GAD facts and statistics DEFINITION 9 -4% general population-early adulthood-"autonomic restrictors"-fail to processemotional component of thoughts and images TERM 10 TX GAD DEFINITION 10 -benzodiazapines-psychological interventions-tx not effective TERM 21 Social Phobia DEFINITION 21 -extreme/irrational fear/shyness in social and performance situations-avoid social situations/ endure them with great distress TERM 22 facts & stats social phobia DEFINITION 22 -13% -onset during adolescence peak age of 15 yrs TERM 23 Tx social phobia DEFINITION 23 -beta blockers-tricyclic antidepressants and monoamic oxi dase inhibitros-SSRI paxil-relapse rates are high TERM 24 psych tx social phobia DEFINITION 24 -cognitive behavior tx-exposure-rehearsal-role play TERM 25 Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) DEFINITION 25 --requires exposure to an event resulting in extreme fear, helplessness, horror-reliving eventemotional numbing/interpersonal problems-interferes with fxn. TERM 26 fact & stats PTSD DEFINITION 26 -3-7%-combat-sexual assault TERM 27 subtypes of PTSD DEFINITION 27 1. acute: diagnosed 1-3 month post trauma2. chronic: diagnosed 3 months post trauma3. delayed onset: onset of symptoms 6 months of more post trauma4. acute stress disorder: diagnosed PTSD immediately post trrauma TERM 28 Psych tx PTSD DEFINITION 28 -cognitive beahvioral tx that involves gradual or abrupt imagery exposure=effective-positive coping skills/ social support-protect against retraumatization TERM 29 OCD= personality disorder DEFINITION 29 -obsessions intrusive/nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that one tries to resist or eliminate.-compulsions=thoughts or actions to suppress the thoughs and provide relief-multiple obsessions-cleaning, washing, checking TERM 30 facts& stats OCD DEFINITION 30 2.6%chronicearly adolescence TERM 31 Tx OCD DEFINITION 31 -clomipramine, SSRI benefit 60% -psycho surgery=extreme- relapse is common TERM 32 Hypochondriasis DEFINITION 32 -physical complaints without a clear cause-severe anxiety focused on possibility of having serious disease-medical reassurance doesn't help TERM 33 Somatization disorder (Briquet's sydrome) DEFINITION 33 -physical complaints before age 30-substantial impairment in social or occupational fxn.symptoms become person's identitiy TERM 34 tx somatization disorder DEFINITION 34 -no tx-reduce tendency to visit numerous medical specialistsassign gate keeper physician TERM 35 conversion disorder DEFINITION 35 -physical malfunctioning without any physical/ organic pathology-often involves sensory motor areas-patients display "la belle indeifference" TERM 46 dissociative identity disorder DEFINITION 46 -former multiple personality -not personality disorder- dissociation of certain aspects of personality-involves adoption of several new identities-identities display unique sets of beahviors, voice, and posture-host=identity that seeks tx and tries to keep identity fragments tofether TERM 47 facts & stats DID DEFINITION 47 -15 avg identitites-childhood-lifelong TERM 48 tx of DID DEFINITION 48 -reintegration of identitites-identify and neutralize cues/triggers that provoke memories of trauma/ dissociation TERM 49 major affective disorder DEFINITION 49 -extremes in normal mood-nature of depression: slow, sleepy, difficulty, crying, physical changes TERM 50 mania DEFINITION 50 -out of control happiness-think fast-talk fast- irritable/impatient-strong sex drive-tend not to sleep TERM 51 delusional DEFINITION 51 A delusion is a false belief held with absolute conviction despite superior evidence. TERM 52 grandeur DEFINITION 52 - try to do things that will get them in troubleie: jump/ fly TERM 53 hypomania DEFINITION 53 Hypomania is a mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elevated (euphoric) or irritable mood, as well as thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. TERM 54 major depressive disorder DEFINITION 54 -extreme depressed mood state lasting at least 2 weeks - cognitive symptoms (worthless)-vegetative or somatic symptoms-single episode highly unusual-recurrent episode more common-chronic TERM 55 annedonia DEFINITION 55 -loss of pleasure/interest in usual activities -crying-sleep disorders-eat more/less-decreased sex drive TERM 56 dysthymia DEFINITION 56 -persistently depressed mood that continues 2+ yrs-milder symptoms-symptoms can persist over a long time TERM 57 double depression DEFINITION 57 -experience major depressive episodes and dysthymic disorder-dysthymic disorder often develops 1st TERM 58 bi polar 1 DEFINITION 58 alternate between depressive episodes and full mani episodes-onset early adulthood 18yr-chronic-suicide in common TERM 59 bi polar 2 DEFINITION 59 alternate between major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes--onset 22 yrs 10-13%-chronic TERM 60 cyclothymic disorder DEFINITION 60 -more chronic version of bipolar disorder-manic and depressive episodes are less severe-persists long periods of time-pattern must last 2+ yrs-onset 12-14 yrs-chronic/ lifelonghigh risk for developing bi polar 1 or 2 TERM 71 stable attributions DEFINITION 71 believing future negative outcomes will be ones fault TERM 72 global attributions DEFINITION 72 believing negative events will disrupt many life activities TERM 73 Aaron T. Beck DEFINITION 73 depression= a tendency to interpret life events negatively- depressed person makes cognitive errors TERM 74 cognitive errors DEFINITION 74 -arbitrary inference=overemphasize the negative- overgeneralization=generate negatives to all aspects of a situation TERM 75 tricyclic meds DEFINITION 75 -trofanil/elavil-block reuptake of norepinephrine and other nt- 2-8 weeks for effects to be known-lethal in excessive doses TERM 76 monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOI DEFINITION 76 -enzyme that breaks down serotoning/norepinephrine-MAOI inhibitors block monamine oxidase-slightly more effective than trycyclics-avoid foods containing tyramine ie beer, cheese TERM 77 SSRIS DEFINITION 77 -block reuptake of serotoning-prozac/zoloft-pose no risk of suicide/violence-agitation-sexsual dysfunction TERM 78 lithium DEFINITION 78 -primary drug choice for bipolar disorders-side effects may be severe -dosage carefully monitored TERM 79 electroconvulsive therapy ECT DEFINITION 79 -brief electrical current to the brain -temporary seizures-6-10 tx required-effective for severe depression-short term memory loss TERM 80 psychological tx DEFINITION 80 -cognitive therapy= adresses cognitive erros in thinking- bahvioral activation= helping depressed persons seeek reinforcing activities-interpersonal psychotherapy=focuses on problematic interpersonal relationships TERM 81 suicide DEFINITION 81 8th leading cause of death in us-white/native american phenomenon-increasing in young/elderly-males are more effective at completing suicide-females attempt suicide more often than males