Understanding Human Behavior and Social Psychology: A Comprehensive Guide, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Understanding Human Behavior and Social Psychology: A Comprehensive Guide and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Cartesian Model of Rational Thought DEFINITION 1 Human reasoning is logical TERM 2 Characteristics of Rational Thought DEFINITION 2 logical, deliberate, conscious, and reasonable TERM 3 Judgmental Heuristics DEFINITION 3 quick action rules that must be fairly accurate (can lead to bias judgements) TERM 4 Representativeness Heuristic DEFINITION 4 probability that an object or event belongs to a certain group (insensitive to prior probability outcomes) TERM 5 Availability Heuristic DEFINITION 5 if something comes to mind more easily, we it's more frequent TERM 6 We Tend to Eat & Drink Mindlessly DEFINITION 6 - seeing or smelling food promotes eating- variety promotes eating- size of packages and portions suggest consumption norms- shape or size of serving container create illusions that affect consumption TERM 7 Contrast Principle DEFINITION 7 we tend to think two things are more different than they actually are TERM 8 Rule of Reciprocity DEFINITION 8 -holds society together- can lead to unwanted debt- can lead to unequal exchanges TERM 9 Reject-then-Retreat or Door-in-the-Face DEFINITION 9 Asking for a large request, than suggesting a smaller oneeffective because it targets sense of responsibility and satisfaction TERM 10 Scarcity DEFINITION 10 limits on quantity and time TERM 21 Accomplishment of Natural Growth DEFINITION 21 Working Class TERM 22 Verbal Interaction of Middle Class Parents & Children DEFINITION 22 encouragement and negotiation TERM 23 Verbal Interaction of Working Class Parents & Children DEFINITION 23 more directives TERM 24 How do Middle Class Parents Interact with Representatives of Institutions? DEFINITION 24 open communication TERM 25 How do Working Class Parents Interact with Representatives of Institutions? DEFINITION 25 distantly due to social inequality TERM 26 What are the consequences for MC children's orientations toward institutions? DEFINITION 26 sense of entitlement TERM 27 What are the consequences for WC children's orientations toward institutions? DEFINITION 27 lack of comfort in the situation TERM 28 Intersectionality DEFINITION 28 experiences of a given social characteristic vary, depending on people's other social characteristics TERM 29 Cultural Capitol DEFINITION 29 knowledge, education, skills & advantages TERM 30 Lareau Study DEFINITION 30 WC child (Harold McAllister)- was poor and now works as a waiterMC child (Alexander Williams)- came from MC and is now pre-med at Columbia University TERM 31 Attitudes DEFINITION 31 tendencies to respond favorably or unfavorably to an attitude object TERM 32 Characteristics of Attitudes DEFINITION 32 1. involve beliefs about objects2. involve evaluation of an object3. have intensity4. imply behavioral intention TERM 33 Attitude Objects DEFINITION 33 1. identities, attributions, social groups, roles, organizational members, traits & characteristics2. particular people or things3. social arrangements, norms or societal regulation4. ourselves TERM 34 Measurement of Attitudes DEFINITION 34 1. single items (agree or disagree)2. Likert scales3. Semantic differential TERM 35 Implicit Attitudes DEFINITION 35 arise from experiencepositive or negative associations w/ an attitude objectactivated automaticallyoften measured by reaction time TERM 46 Factors that Affect Normative Influence DEFINITION 46 -group size-group unaminity- group solidarity/cohesion- identification with the group- investment in the group TERM 47 Factors that Affect Informative Influence DEFINITION 47 - number of others- unaminity of others- one's own uncertainty TERM 48 Social Proof DEFINITION 48 viewing behavior as correct to extent others are doing it TERM 49 When is Social Proof Strongest? DEFINITION 49 uncertain situationspeople are like you TERM 50 The Werther Effect DEFINITION 50 A character in a novel committed suicide which spawned rash imitation of the suicide TERM 51 Phillip's Suicide Study DEFINITION 51 After a highly publicized suicide, there is a rise in suicides, airline crashes and car crashes TERM 52 Pluralistic Ignorance DEFINITION 52 conventional picture of norms & conformity TERM 53 Obedience to Authority DEFINITION 53 the greater a requesters authority, the more likely the targets are to comply TERM 54 What Connotes Authority? DEFINITION 54 ClothingTitlesTrappings or posessions