Types of Mental Health Disorders: Personality, Somatoform, Dissociative, Schizophrenia, Br, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Types of Mental Health Disorders: Personality, Somatoform, Dissociative, Schizophrenia, Br and more Quizzes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Borderline Personality Disorder DEFINITION 1 Characteristics - pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects; market impulsivity. Self mutilation acts and threats of suicide very common. Underlying Fear: Im a bad/evil person and others will abandon me. TERM 2 Narcissitic DEFINITION 2 Characteristics - grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. Strategy: Self-aggrandizement. Basic Belief: I am very special. TERM 3 Schizoid DEFINITION 3 Characteristics - detachment from social relationships, restricted range of emotional expression. Strategy: Autnomous. Basic Belief: I need planty of space. TERM 4 Histrionic DEFINITION 4 Characteristics excessive emotionality & attention seeking. Need for Approval; Manipulative interpersonal styles. Basic Belief: I need to impress. TERM 5 Schizotypal DEFINITION 5 Characteristics - acute discomfort in social relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions, eccentricities of behavior. Pervasive pattern of social/interpersonal deficits, marked by acute discomfort & reduced capacity for close relationships and cognitive distortions/eccentricities of behavior. TERM 6 Anti-social DEFINITION 6 Characteristics - disregard for and violation of the rights of others; sensation seeking; disregard for rules, lack of empathy, cocky, their opinion is always right, superficial charm, recklessness, inability to tolerate boredom. Strategy: deceit, violations of others, disregard for others. Basic Belief: You should put yourself first and others are tools to be used for personal gratification TERM 7 Primary Psychopath DEFINITION 7 Someone with anti-social personality disorder who is also Aggressive, impulsive, sensation-seeking, and has undersocialized traits distinguished by a lack of anxiety, guilt, depression, and general low arousal of all emotions. TERM 8 Secondary Psychopath DEFINITION 8 Someone with anti-social personality disorder who is also aggressive, impulsive, sensation-seeking, and undersocialized traits, but reports feelings of guilt, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and may also fear possible consequences of wrongdoing TERM 9 Sociopaths DEFINITION 9 It isn't that sociopaths are unwilling to conform with the rules of society, but instead they were just socialized the wrong way to begin with. TERM 10 Somatoform Disorder DEFINITION 10 Characterized by excessive concerns over physical/medical conditions or symptoms, when no true medical problems exist. Underlying Fear: Fear of a severe medical disorder. Strategy: excessive doctor shopping, seeking excessive diagnosis and reassurance TERM 21 Derealization DEFINITION 21 ones sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost TERM 22 What are the functions affected by dissociative disorders? DEFINITION 22 Consciousness, memory, identity, and perception. TERM 23 Dissociative Identity Disorder DEFINITION 23 A dramatic dissociative disorder in which a patient manifests two or more distinct identities or personality states that alternate in some way in taking control of behavior. TERM 24 Current controversies with DID DEFINITION 24 Is the disorder real or faked? If the disorder is not faked, how does it develop? Are recovered memories of abuse in the disorder real or false? If abuse has occurred, did it play a causal role? TERM 25 Differences in DID in men vs. women DEFINITION 25 More frequent in females (3-9 times). Females have more average identities (15-8) TERM 26 What is the cause of DID? DEFINITION 26 not sure BUT...Frequently report experiencing sexual or physical abuse in childhood. Hypothesized to be a response to extreme stress. Is more frequent in individuals with 1st degree relatives with DID TERM 27 Diagnostic Criteria for DID DEFINITION 27 Presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states. At least 2 of these recurrently take control of the persons behavior. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. Not due to direct physiological effects of substance or general medical condition (e.g. complex partial seizures). TERM 28 Dissociative Fugue DEFINITION 28 The person moves away and assumes a new identity, with amnesia for the previous identity. Fugue states usually occur in response to some stressor, but because they are extremely rare, little is known about etiology TERM 29 Dissociative Amnesia DEFINITION 29 The person loses memory of important personal facts, including personal identity, for no apparent organic cause. They usually stay in their original location and try to use clues and hints to cue memory. Typically occurs following traumatic events. May involve motivated forgetting of events, poor storage of information during events due to over-arousal, or avoidance of emotions experience during an event TERM 30 Positive (Type 1) symptoms of Schizophrenia DEFINITION 30 Reflect excess or distortion in a normal repertoire of behavior and experience. Ex: Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized speech, Disorganized behavior. TERM 31 Negative (Type 2) symptoms of Schizophrenia DEFINITION 31 Absence or deficit of behaviors that are normally present. Ex: Flat or blunted emotional expressiveness, Alogia: complete lack/poverty of speech, Avolition: lack of desire, drive, or motivation TERM 32 What are the predictors of severity & treatment outcome for schizophrenia? DEFINITION 32 Treatment only helps positive symptoms, so the more negative symptoms the more severe. The more catatonic symptoms the more severe. An earlier age of onset predicts a very severe outcome. TERM 33 What are the neurotransmitters highly associated with schizophrenia? DEFINITION 33 Dopamine and glutamate. TERM 34 What are the phases of Schizophrenia? DEFINITION 34 Premorbid personality usually impaired. Prodromal phase: withdrawal/isolation and peculiar actions or talk (often described as change in personality). Active phase: full blown symptoms. Residual phase: symptoms no longer prominent although full recovery rare TERM 35 Treatments available for schizophrenia DEFINITION 35 Antipsychotic drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors. Patients taking second-generation antipsychotics. Have fewer extrapyramidal (motor abnormality) side effects. Tend to do better overall. Up to 70% of positive symptoms improve. Side effects can be very troubling. A large percentage of cases recover 36 weeks after drug treatment, but relapse in 1-2 years. About 61% have continued episodes with varying degrees of recovery between episodes TERM 46 Expressive Aphasia (Brocce's) DEFINITION 46 Characterized by nonfluent or slow labored speech. Speech is meaningful, but use primarily nouns & verbs. Still able to comprehend speech. Dysfunction: Left frontal lobe (broccas area) TERM 47 Receptive Aphasia (Wernicke's) DEFINITION 47 Characterized by fluent yet incomprehensible speech. Hyperfluency & word salad. Unable to comprehend spoken words. Dysfunction: temporal lobe TERM 48 Aprosodia DEFINITION 48 Difficulty in non-propositional speech, i.e. problem with expressing emotion in speech. Includes Pitch, Intonation, Melody, Cadence, Loudness, Timbre, Tempo, & The Timing of Pauses. Characteristic features include: Inappropriate affect, a lack of affect in voice, inability to comprehend affect in speech. Dysfunction: Focal damage to right hemisphere...Expressive: frontal (right hemisphere) cant express emotion in speech. Receptive: temporal (left hemisphere) cant recognize appropriate emotion in speech TERM 49 Anomia DEFINITION 49 Type of aphasia characterized by the inability to name objects. You will see pauses in speech while looking for words, circumlocution, confabulation. TERM 50 Prosopagnosia DEFINITION 50 The inability to recognize familiar faces. Dysfunction in the occipital lobe. Inability to integrate parts of the face. Unknown why Its specific to the face TERM 51 Apraxia DEFINITION 51 loss of the ability to perform or carry out purposeful learned behaviors or movements TERM 52 Where is the dysfunction of alexia, agraphia, and acalcula specific to? DEFINITION 52 the Angular gyrus (the language center of the brain) TERM 53 Alexia DEFINITION 53 The inability to read TERM 54 Agraphia DEFINITION 54 the inability to write TERM 55 Acalculia DEFINITION 55 the inability to do math