exam 2 Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System | PSL 250 - Introductory Physiology, Quizzes of Biology

Download exam 2 Reflexes and Autonomic Nervous System | PSL 250 - Introductory Physiology and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Stimulus DEFINITION 1 Can be inside or outside the body TERM 2 Receptors DEFINITION 2 Can be Distal ends of sensory neurons ORSeparate cells that are associated with sensory neurons TERM 3 What do sensory neurons do? DEFINITION 3 transmit information to the CNS when a acceptor potential produces an action potential TERM 4 CNS (Central Nervous System) DEFINITION 4 brain and spinal cord TERM 5 PNS peripheral nervous system DEFINITION 5 fibers that carry information to and from the CNS are in nerves TERM 6 PNS divided into 2 divisions DEFINITION 6 Afferent division - to CNSEfferent division - from CNS TERM 7 Afferent Division of CNS DEFINITION 7 Centraal Nervous system TERM 8 Sensory information (action potentials in sensory neurons) can cause DEFINITION 8 An automatic motor response (a reflex) TERM 9 Most reflexes are DEFINITION 9 Polysnaptic TERM 10 Reflex DEFINITION 10 automatic (without conscious effort) response to a stimulus, has an afferent component TERM 21 Autonomic Nervous System DEFINITION 21 Part of nervous system that controls visceral functions Involuntary system ignoring biofeedback Normally functions below conscious level (unaware of) Controls visceral effectors (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Purely motor (efferent) defined that way consists of motor or efferent neurons TERM 22 Thoracolubar division of the ANS DEFINITION 22 Sympatheticfibers called preganglionic fibers emerge from thoracic and lumbar segments in spinal cord (T1 to L2) TERM 23 Craniosacral division of ANS DEFINITION 23 Parasympathetic fibers called preganglionic use cranial nerves or emerge from sacral segments in spinal cord (S2 to S4) TERM 24 Cranial nerve X (the Vagus) DEFINITION 24 important parasympathetic nerveGrand daddy parasympathetic nerve TERM 25 Preanglionic fiber DEFINITION 25 Leave the CNScell body in CNS goes out to a ganglion TERM 26 postganglionic fiber DEFINITION 26 cell body in a ganglion fiber goes OUT to effector cells TERM 27 ganglion DEFINITION 27 collection of nerve cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNSIn TERM 28 Describe 2 neuron relay to reach the effector DEFINITION 28 In both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions before reaching effecter cells TERM 29 Location of parasympathetic and length ganglia DEFINITION 29 Parasympathetic System Ganglialocated very near or on effector organ (called terminal ganglia)Long TERM 30 Length of parasympathetic.sympathetic preganglionic fibers DEFINITION 30 Sympathetic Ganglis are NOT on effector organsShort TERM 31 Transmitters release dby ANS neurons DEFINITION 31 PreganglionicsAll simp and PS release Ach at the GanglionPostganglionicsParasymppathtic release ACHSympathetic release NE except a few release Ach (sweat) TERM 32 cholinergic DEFINITION 32 fibers that secrete acetylcholine TERM 33 adrenergic DEFINITION 33 fibers that secrete norepiephrineAlmost all postganglionic sympathetic) TERM 34 Dual innervation DEFINITION 34 Most organs of body are innovated by both divisions of the ANS TERM 35 autonomic antagonism DEFINITION 35 One division stimulate organ, the other inhibits it and vice versaDoes not always occur - salivary glands both divisions cause secretionsExample from class heart -sympathetic - speeds heart rateparasympathetic slows heart rateGutPara sympathetic speeds peristalisis and relaxes sphinctersSympathetic slows peistalsis and contracts sphincters TERM 46 Required for a patellar tendon (knee-jerk) reflex DEFINITION 46 afferent pathwayefferent pathwayeffectorreceptor TERM 47 Autonomic Nervous System Control DEFINITION 47 smooth musclecardiac muscle TERM 48 What requires a relay of 2 nerons to reach the effector DEFINITION 48 Autonomic nervous system TERM 49 Fibers of which division of autonomic nervous system are found in Cranial Nerve X (Vagus nerve) DEFINITION 49 parasympathetic TERM 50 What secretes actycholine DEFINITION 50 preganglionic sympathetic fiberspostganglionic parasympathetic fiberspreganglionic parasympathetic fibers TERM 51 What is required for automatic antagonism? DEFINITION 51 dual innervation TERM 52 Which receptor type is located at the autonomic ganglia and on skeletal muscle DEFINITION 52 nicotinic TERM 53 Which area of the brain affects autonomic responses? DEFINITION 53 hypthalamuscerebral cortexmedulla of the brain stem TERM 54 What is automatics nervous system made up of DEFINITION 54 motor neurons TERM 55 What does not normally occur during fight or flight reaction DEFINITION 55 decreased metabolic rate TERM 56 What does occur during fight or flight reaction DEFINITION 56 increased blood glucose increased heart rate increased secretions of the adrenal medulla increased metabolism dilation of pupil dilation of airways TERM 57 Which division of autonomic nervous system causes the fight or flight response DEFINITION 57 sympathetic TERM 58 Which division of Autonomic nervous system is most active durin quiet relaxed situations DEFINITION 58 parasympathetic TERM 59 List a parasympathetic effect DEFINITION 59 increased peristalis TERM 60 List a sympathetic effect DEFINITION 60 constriction of gut blood TERM 71 What does sdrenal medulla secrete? DEFINITION 71 epinephrinenorepinephrine TERM 72 What are sympathetic effects caused by increased sympathetic activity DEFINITION 72 increased glucose release from the liverdilation of pupildilation of lung tubescontraction of arrector pili muscles TERM 73 What is NOT a sympathetic effect caused by increased sympathetic activity DEFINITION 73 adjustment of near vision TERM 74 List a monosynaptic reflex DEFINITION 74 patellar tendon (knee jerk) reflex (a stretch reflex) TERM 75 What is not an effector DEFINITION 75 receptor TERM 76 List effectors DEFINITION 76 smooth muscle cellsskeletal muscle cellscardiac muscle cellsglands TERM 77 What do reflexes that we are NOT aware of help maintain DEFINITION 77 homeostasis TERM 78 Cranial nerve X (the Vagus) is what kind of nerve DEFINITION 78 parasympathetic TERM 79 what does the sympathetic nervous system cause? DEFINITION 79 Sympathetic Nervous System causes responses that prepare the body for muscular activity during an emergency TERM 80 Which neurons are adrenergic DEFINITION 80 Most postganglionic sympathetic TERM 81 Dual innervation and autonomic antagosnims occur in ______ organs of the body DEFINITION 81 Many TERM 82 What causes the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla DEFINITION 82 Sympathetic Nervous System TERM 83 What increases GI tract peristalsis and intestinal gland secretions DEFINITION 83 Parasympathetic Nervous System TERM 84 What dilates the pupil DEFINITION 84 sympathetic nervous system TERM 85 What binds to a receptor but does not cause a response DEFINITION 85 antagonis TERM 96 What is associated with withdrawl reflex DEFINITION 96 Interneurons reciprocal innervation EPSP's (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) in motor neurons going to (that innervate) the atagonist (flexor). IPSP's (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials) in motor neurons going to (that innervate) the antagonist (extensor) TERM 97 What is not associated with withdrawl reflex DEFINITION 97 monosynaptic reflex TERM 98 Which system goes with efferent neurons DEFINITION 98 autonomic nervous system TERM 99 What releases acetylcholine as the transmitter DEFINITION 99 sympathetic preganglionic neuronsparasympathetic preganglionic neuornsparasympathetic post ganglionic neurons TERM 100 Where do autonomic neurons synapse DEFINITION 100 In ganglia (outside the CNS) TERM 101 Are there reflexes which we are unaware of which help maintain homeostasis DEFINITION 101 Yes TERM 102 What increases peristalsis in the GI tract and causes relaxation (decreases contraction) DEFINITION 102 parasympathetic nervous system TERM 103 Name a cholinergic receptor DEFINITION 103 muscarinic receptor TERM 104 what reinforces the sympathetic neural effects DEFINITION 104 adrenal medulla hormones