Download Exam 2 review | HSCI 2230 - Intro Microbiology and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 how many children died of an infectious disease before age 5 in the early 1900? DEFINITION 1 1 out of 3 TERM 2 what are 4 mechanisms of antimicrobial drug action? DEFINITION 2 inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis/function, inhibit protein synthesis, and disrupt cell membrane function TERM 3 how does penicillin, vancomycin, zithromax, and amoxillcillin work DEFINITION 3 penicillin, cancomycin, and amoxillicillin block synthesis and repair. zithromax acts upon ribosomes and blocks protein synthesis TERM 4 what is competitive inhibition? DEFINITION 4 drug mimics natural substrate of enzyme and competes for active site TERM 5 List 2 genetic events that cause microbe to become resistant to drugs DEFINITION 5 chromosomal mutations and transfer of DNA from a resistant organism. TERM 6 explain 4 general mechanisms of drug resistance DEFINITION 6 synthesis of enzymes that inactivate the drug, decrease uptake of drug, changes in drug targets, and changes in metabolic pathways TERM 7 why are there so few antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral drugs DEFINITION 7 it is difficult to achieve selective toxicity with eukaryotic pathogens because they are so similar to human cells. Viruses are difficult to target because they grow inside of cells and we have to really understand how they replicate to block their specific processes. TERM 8 what are 3 adverse effects of antimicrobic drugs on the host? DEFINITION 8 1. Toxicity--direct damage to tissues; liver and kidneys 2. Allergic reactions-- most commonly from penicillins 3. Disruption of normal flora-- allows for a superinfection or overgrowth of fungi TERM 9 what is the difference between infection and disease? DEFINITION 9 infection is the invasion or colonization of the body by pathogens, presence of pathogens in the body. TERM 10 where do you find normal flora DEFINITION 10 skin, upper respiratory tract, most of GI tract, outer opening of urethra, and vagina
