Anatomy and Physiology: Terms Relating to the Human Body's Structure and Function, Quizzes of Biology

Download Anatomy and Physiology: Terms Relating to the Human Body's Structure and Function and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Dorsal vs Ventral DEFINITION 1 dorsal - skull and vertebrate, brain and spinal chordventral - thoracic cavity - heart and lungs - abdominopelvic cavity - most organs TERM 2 Peritoneal Cavity DEFINITION 2 coelomic space TERM 3 Pericardial Cavity DEFINITION 3 around the heart TERM 4 Pleural Cavity DEFINITION 4 around the lungs TERM 5 4 Primary Tissues of Adult Vertebrates DEFINITION 5 - epithelial- connective- muscle- nerve TERM 6 Basal Surface vs Apical Surface DEFINITION 6 basal - secured side of the fibrous membrane in epithelial tissueapical - free side of the fibrous membrane in epithelial tissue TERM 7 5 Types of Epithelial Tissues DEFINITION 7 - simple - one cell layer thick- squamous - lining of lungs- cubodial - lining of kidney tubules- columnar - lining of the stomach- stratified - several layers thick; type determined by outermost layers TERM 8 Epidermis (Stratified Epithelium) DEFINITION 8 stratified squamous epithelium- keratinized epithelium - contains keratin which is water resistant TERM 9 Connective Tissue DEFINITION 9 sparse population of cells scattered about the extra-cellular matrix TERM 10 Where are they derived from? DEFINITION 10 the embryonic mesoderm TERM 21 Smooth Muscle DEFINITION 21 found in organisms of internal environment TERM 22 Skeletal Muscle DEFINITION 22 usually attached to to tendons or bones so when muscles contract, it causes the bones to move at the joints- made of long muscle fibers which contain myofibris- myofibris is composed of myofilaments and myofilaments are made up of actin and myosin TERM 23 Cardiac Muscles DEFINITION 23 composed of smaller interconnected cells, each containing its own nucleus- intercalated disks - enable cardiac muscles to form a single functioning unit - myocardium TERM 24 Nerve Tissue DEFINITION 24 cells include neurons and neuroglia (supporting cells)(know structure of a neuron) TERM 25 3 Organ Systems Used for Communication and Intergration DEFINITION 25 - nervous- endocrine- sensory TERM 26 Organ System Used for Support and Movement DEFINITION 26 musculoskeletal system TERM 27 4 Organ Systems Used for Regulation and Maintenance DEFINITION 27 - digestive- circulatory- respiratory- urinary TERM 28 2 Organ Systems Used for Defense DEFINITION 28 - integumentary- immune TERM 29 Reproduction and Development DEFINITION 29 - reproductive system TERM 30 Negative Feedback Mechanisms DEFINITION 30 - changing conditions are detected by sensors, the information goes to the integrating center which compares the conditions to a set point- if conditions are above or below the set point, the integrating center initiates a response TERM 31 Positive Feedback Mechanisms DEFINITION 31 enhance a change- do not themselves maintain homeostasis TERM 32 Calculating Body Heat DEFINITION 32 Body Heat = heat produced + heat transferred TERM 33 Four Mechanism of Heat Transfer DEFINITION 33 - radiation - by electromagnetic radiation- conduction - directly between two objects- convection - by the movement of a gas or liquid- evaporation - conversion of water to gas TERM 34 Counter current Heat Exchange DEFINITION 34 (see and understand picture in notes) TERM 35 Vasodilation vs Vasoconstriction DEFINITION 35 vasodilation - increasing blood flow inc heat dissipation vasoconstriction - decreases blood flow, thus limiting heat loss