Exam 2 Study Guide for Leadership in Recreation and Leisure Services | REC 2330, Study notes of School management&administration

Download Exam 2 Study Guide for Leadership in Recreation and Leisure Services | REC 2330 and more Study notes School management&administration in PDF only on Docsity! Diversity- Celebrating differences among people in a way that allows people to better understand and appreciate those differences (and similarities) in the pursuit of social justice. Definition of prejudice- A preconceived belief or preference for one person, place, or thing over another – closely relates to stereotyping. Discrimination – The acts taken on the basis of prejudice – differential treatment of one group that often creates a situation of disadvantage for another group Identify primary and secondary dimensions: Primary: the traits we observe upon meeting people. 1) Sex & Gender 2) Age 3) Ethnicity & Race 4) Sexual Orientation 5) Physical/Cognitive Abilities & Qualities. Secondary: include elements of self which are not necessarily visible and which may change over the course of one’s life. 1) Marital Status 2) Parental Status 3) Socioeconomic status (class) 4) educational level 5) type of occupation…. Etc. Values and ethics – Values- traits, characteristics, and beliefs people esteem highly in themselves and others. Values include intangible things such as religious beliefs, honesty, and trustworthiness. Ethics- are based on beliefs about what is good and right, not facts or scientific proof. Ethics cover broad issues such as the environment, the conduct of business, and how one manages and engages in one’s personal affairs. Where do we get them from –? Perception of ethics come from different sources: religious beliefs, reason and logic, what is best for the greater number of people, the end results, and hedonism. What is ethical sensitivity – The ability to perceive that a situation has ethical components to it. 4 basic tensions of ethical decision making – 1) Individual vs. Collective: where the needs of the individual or a small group are considered against the claims of the larger society. 2) Truth vs. Loyalty: Where personal honesty or integrity is at odds with responsibility and promise keeping. 3) Short term vs. Long term: Where the real and important requirements of the present are considered against foresight, stewardship, and deferred gratification. 4) Justice vs. Mercy: Where fairness, expectations, and an equal application of the rules are opposed to empathy, compassion, and a desire to make exceptions. Steps to decision making – 1) Realize that there is a problem and that it has an ethical component. 2) Determine the individuals involved in the situation and understand their positions and roles. 3) Gather relevant information from the involved parties. 4) Test for right versus wrong elements of the situation “gut test”. 5) Test for right versus right values embedded in the situation. Base it off of core values. 6) Apply the most relevant and useful ethical standards to the situation – remembering to consider the involved parties, the context, the ethical issue, and the potential consequences. 7) Look for a third way… it is not uncommon for people to consider an ethical issue from “my view” and “your view” – this can set up either/or mindset that can be counterproductive. 8) Make the decision, take action, and reflect on its impact. Ethic of rights and justice – defines what is right by equal application of rules in an attempt to remain impartial and fair. Ethics arise out of morals, and morality is viewed as one’s sense of what is right and good, and what is wrong or bad. In the predominant U.S. culture, ethics involve what is fair and right for the individuals involved. Ethic of care- defines what is right by the needs of others, having the utmost regard for the dignity and intrinsic value of each person, and acting out of a need to maintain connections. Criminal law vs. tort law – Criminal: deals with intentional acts against the public at large addressed in the state and federal penal code. Incidents are followed up in criminal court system i.e. theft, assault, homicide etc. Tort: Deals with civil issues – those issues that arise out of living in a community. It involves both intentional and unintentional acts based on a breach of some type of contact. Lawsuits arise from tort law. What is negligence – an act that results in personal injury to another or her or his property. It typically refers to a situational where an individual was careless in the course of her or his duties resulting in injury to another party. Four elements must be present: Duty, an act/standard of care, proximate cause, and injury/damage. Know the 4 components and understand them – Duty: an obligation to another individual based on legal relationship. Act/Standard of Care: act refers to the actions of a person in light of the duty owed to participants. A certain standard of care is required to maintain a hazard-free environment for all participants. Proximate cause: the actual cause of the injury or damage. Injury/Damage Nonfeasance- implies direct neglect of duty or not doing something one should. Ex: Failing to maintain a facility by slowly letting it to age without regular maintenance thus resulting in injury. Misfeasance- Those acts whereby a leader did not exercise due care for the rights of the participants. Ex: Counselors seeing to campers fighting and not doing anything about it. Justifying their actions by saying the camper being beaten up was a bully a deserved it. Malfeasance- Doing something that one ought not to have done and which may also be illegal. Ex: Hitting a participant that was using foul language. Types of supervision and in what situations do they work well: General, transitional, specific Direct leadership – The act of working with a person or persons directly in a face to face situation. Components of each phase and what to do – Phase 1: Leadership Preparation- Know basic information about the group you are preparing to lead, Risk management considerations, Have certain goals and objectives to reach, set the tone for your participants (positive manipulation). Phase 2: Priming the group- Getting a group’s attention (fun, unexpected, respectful, experiential), Dividing groups- make sure groups are divided evenly both in numbers and ability. Learning names. Phase 3: Delivery- Introducing an activity: identify yourself, identify activity, explain the object or goal, tell story to set mood. Difference between goals and objectives – A goal may be short term or long term; it is a course of action that one intends to follow – an aim. Objectives are the steps to reaching the goal. Types of goals – Societal- are aims or ideals of a community; they often relate to issues of social justice and environmental stewardship. They tend to be culturally relevant and may or may not be in the best interest of all community members. Ex: stopping child violence, preventing teenage parenthood etc.