Exam 2 Study guide | HIST 102 - World History Since 1500, Quizzes of World History

Download Exam 2 Study guide | HIST 102 - World History Since 1500 and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Who were the Tainos? DEFINITION 1 Natives of the Caribbean and were the first native population to be completely wiped off the face of the earth. TERM 2 What was the name of the native empires in Central America that were present when Europeans established contact in the 1500s? DEFINITION 2 Aztec, Mayan TERM 3 Who was the Spanish conquistador who took control of the Incan Empire in the 1530s? DEFINITION 3 Pizarro TERM 4 When Spain officially established New Spain and New Castille, what administrative position was appointed by the Crown to govern? DEFINITION 4 Viceroy TERM 5 Mexico City was built on the ruins of what native city? DEFINITION 5 Tenochtitlan TERM 6 Most of the small empires in Africa from 1200-1500 were: DEFINITION 6 heavily influenced by the Islamic faith TERM 7 King Afonso I ruled what land in the 1520's? DEFINITION 7 Kongo TERM 8 Which other European nation, in addition to Portugal, was active trading along the coast of West Africa during the 1600s? DEFINITION 8 Netherlands (the Dutch). They established the permanent trading post known as Cape Town in 1652. TERM 9 How many Africans arrived alive in the Western Hemisphere from 1500 to the early 1800s? DEFINITION 9 12 Million. 4 million died on the way, but 16 million were removed off the continent. TERM 10 What economic situations lead to the decline in the popularity of slavery in the 1800s? DEFINITION 10 The price of slaves went up, the price of sugar went down, there was capital investment beginning in industry, and nonslave labor was less expensive than slave labor TERM 21 Why couldn't the United States abolish slavery before 1808? DEFINITION 21 The US Constitution states that Congress shall not restrict slave importation for 20 years after ratification TERM 22 Which European nation established Nova Scotia in 1604 and Quebec in 1608? DEFINITION 22 France TERM 23 What is Mestizo? DEFINITION 23 Mixed Spanish/Native person in Central/South America. It was a social group TERM 24 What two bodies of water does the Suez Canal connect? DEFINITION 24 The Red Sea and the Mediterranean. It connected territory belonging to Egypt and was built by the French and Egyptians but Britain took control in the late 1800s, TERM 25 Who led a Mexican revolt of the lower classes 1810-1811? DEFINITION 25 Miguel de Hidalgo TERM 26 What was the Central American Federation? DEFINITION 26 A group of Central Americans that declared independence from Mexico in 1825 TERM 27 Who led revolts in South America in the early to mid 1800s? DEFINITION 27 Simon Bolivar TERM 28 Who was the first Emperor of Brazil? DEFINITION 28 Pedro TERM 29 What is Manifest Destiny? DEFINITION 29 The belief that America was destined by God to expand land holdings across the North American continent TERM 30 Why did Mexico initially invite Americans to populate the Mexican province of Texas? DEFINITION 30 The Mexicans wanted Americans to develop the Cotton and Cattle businesses TERM 31 The Constitution of Texas copied the US Constitution but added DEFINITION 31 Slavery will always be legal in Texas TERM 32 How many states withdrew/seceded from the U.S to form the confederacy? DEFINITION 32 11 TERM 33 From the early 1700s, what two European nations had a colonial presence in northern (Canada) North America? DEFINITION 33 British and French TERM 34 Which commodities were imported from India by the British? DEFINITION 34 Opium, cotton, tea, and coffee TERM 35 Which European country controlled the East Indies (indonesia) during the 19th century? DEFINITION 35 The Dutch TERM 46 What raw materials could be used as energy sources for steam engines of the late 1700s DEFINITION 46 coal and wood TERM 47 Which nation invaded the British territories north of the great lakes during the war of 1812? DEFINITION 47 USA TERM 48 Which nation had a 50 year head start with the Industrial Revolution? DEFINITION 48 Britain TERM 49 What is an Afrikaner? DEFINITION 49 A dutch white colonist in South Africa. also known as a Boer TERM 50 What was Spain's plan in the beginning in the Caribbean? DEFINITION 50 They wanted to establish trading posts and trade with the locals, the Tainos, but the locals didn't have much to trade TERM 51 What is Encomienda? DEFINITION 51 Forced labor in exchange for the gift of Catholicism and care. The Caribbean Tainos TERM 52 What happened to the Taino? DEFINITION 52 They were wiped out by disease and overwork. They left us with words like canoe, hurricane, barbecue, tobacco TERM 53 Who also joined Spain in the Caribbean? DEFINITION 53 French, English, and Dutch. Were all about sugar and tobacco plantations. After locals were killed off by disease, they imported african slaves. TERM 54 How was the native society in Central America different than in the Caribbean? DEFINITION 54 They were agricultural based societies that settled incities and larger states, sedentary. Empires developed as groups of settled populations conquered other groups of settled populations. Maya, Aztec. Spanish South America was similar, but with larger territory TERM 55 Why were societies in Central America "sitting ducks" to the Europeans DEFINITION 55 They were vulnerable to internal conflict and European diseases TERM 56 Who was Hernan Cortez and what did he do? DEFINITION 56 He was a Spanish conquistador who marched on the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, used disgruntled natives for support, captured the capital and king. The aztecs eventually forced him out, but he gave them smallpox which weakened the empire. He came back and took over. TERM 57 Where was the Incan Empire and how strong was it? DEFINITION 57 They controlled the area north and south of theandes. They, like the Mayans, couldn't really control their conquered groups. As a result, a major civil war occured before the europeans came. TERM 58 What did Francisco Pizzaro do? DEFINITION 58 He took over the Incan Empire by capturing their ruler, Atahualpa and capturing the capital of Cuzco. This led to two main areas under Spanish control, Peru and Chile. TERM 59 Spanish control of central and south america... DEFINITION 59 used conquistadors (independent contractors) and the crown established rule by 1570. They built Mexico City over Tenochtitlan which became the capital of New Spain. They established New Castille in Peru and Northern Chile and moved the capital from Cuzco the Lima, Peru. Each territory was governed by a viceroy appointed by the crown. TERM 60 How was the clergy involved in the spanish control of central and south america? DEFINITION 60 The pope gave control of catholicism directly to the crown and the clergy were involved in civil government and reinforced all attempts at conquest TERM 71 What did Rousseau believe? DEFINITION 71 that members of society were collectively the soverign and that individuals should directly participate in formulation of society TERM 72 Who were the Estates General? DEFINITION 72 a historically mostly powerless organization in France. Louis XVI was forced to call them into session (massively in debt). Made up of three estates (1st=clergy, 2nd=nobility, 3rd=everyone else). Argues over call for revenue and how the assembly should work. 3rd estate secedes and forms national assembly. TERM 73 Who was Napoleon? DEFINITION 73 came from a minor noble family from Corsica, was an officer in Louis XVI's army, supported the French Revolution and defended the Directory against a popular uprising (joined them in 1799). He led French troops into northern italy and defeated Austrian army. He invaded Egypt, but was repelled by the British Navy and the Ottomans. TERM 74 How did Napoleon's reign unfold? DEFINITION 74 participated in Treaty of Armiens with Britain to end fighting and calmed political hysteria in France through a general amnesty plan. He set up a centralized bureaucratic government and calmed hostility by the French Catholics by reaching an agreement with the pope saying that catholicism is the religion of a majority of French and that the state would appoint bishops and pay salary of priests. The church could not claim lands confiscated during the French Revolution TERM 75 What was the civil code of 1804 (Napoleonic code) DEFINITION 75 political and legal equality for all adult men, merit bases society and codified moderate revolutionary policies of he National Assembly while rejecting policies of more radical convention. TERM 76 Napoleon's Empire DEFINITION 76 He blew off the Treaty of Armiens, which led to Britain declaring war and Napoleon getting his ass kicked at the Battle of Trafalgar. TERM 77 What happened at the Battle of Trafalgar? DEFINITION 77 Britain vs. France. France lost big which prevented Napoleon from invading the British Isles TERM 78 What was the Treaty of Tilsit? DEFINITION 78 It confirmed France's gains in central and eastern Europe. It was Russia and Prussia's way of making nice with Napoleon after his forces had defeated theirs as well as Austria's. TERM 79 Early Texas history DEFINITION 79 America had tried to purchase from newly independent Mexican gov... Mexico was encouraging americans to come develop the area but eventually stopped allowing americans. Americans came anyway which started to piss of Mexico TERM 80 How did Texas become independent? DEFINITION 80 Texas declared independence and based its constitution on America's. Santa Anna's forces attacked the alamo which killed 187 texans but 1500 Mexicans. He was eventually defeated by Sam Houston's troops. Texas functioned as an independent republic with formal recognition from Europe. US wouldn't allow Texas to join the union at first because it would upset the balance of slave states vs free states. Finally annexed into us in 1845. TERM 81 How did we get oregon? DEFINITION 81 negotiated by British and US diplomats. TERM 82 What were the results of the Mexican- American War? DEFINITION 82 Negotiated by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, America is "sold" California, New Mexico, and the Rio Grande is settled as the Texan border. TERM 83 After the 7 years war, who did Canada belong to? DEFINITION 83 Great Britain TERM 84 What did the constitutional act of 1791 do? DEFINITION 84 It was an act of the British parliament that split the British colony of Canada in two (into the English Ontario and the French Quebec). TERM 85 Why didn't Canada split apart? DEFINITION 85 Although there were constant ethnic and political differences, they were united by the threat of an US invasion. TERM 96 What did the treaty that ended the Opium War do? DEFINITION 96 It gave Hong Kong of Great Britain, opened more Chinese ports for trade and foreign occupancy, and gave favored nation status and extraterritoriality (diplomatic immunity) to Great Britain. TERM 97 Taiping Rebellion DEFINITION 97 called for the destruction of the Qing Dynasty and wanted a communal approach to wealth. It prohibited foot binding, concubinage, and embraced confucianism. It was put down by Qing and European weapons and advisors. 20-30 million lives lost and as a result Qing tried to modernize but it was too little too late. TERM 98 The Berlin West Africa Conference DEFINITION 98 14 European states, no Africans present. It split Africa into it's countries. Any European state could occupy any previously unclaimed territory TERM 99 What happened between the British and Afrikaners in South Africa? DEFINITION 99 conflict over slavery. Britain had outlawed it by this time, but not the Dutch Afrikaners. The British subjected Afrikaners to English laws so they moved inland. It was okay until diamonds were found which resulted in the Boer War. Great Britain won but with massive casualties. TERM 100 What was Seward's Folly? DEFINITION 100 He bought Alaska from Russia. TERM 101 What did the Emperor Meiji do? DEFINITION 101 After Japanese opposition forces lead a successful rebellion against the tokugawa dynasty, the emperor meiji reevaluated the policy of isolationism and led a rapid education to 19th century technologies and knowledge. It immediately ended foreign extraterritoriality and other ramifications of unequal treaties and led to Japan dominating the Chinese navy in the Sino-Japanese war.