Exam 2 Study Guide - Religions of World | REL 1000, Study notes of Anthropology of religion

Download Exam 2 Study Guide - Religions of World | REL 1000 and more Study notes Anthropology of religion in PDF only on Docsity! 3/4/09 Judaism  Scriptures o Mishena – rabbi juda prince  Same for Palestine and Babylon o Gara – rabbi juda prince  Palestine  Babylon  Stories o Creation  Genesis – Chapter 1 - in the beginning, there was nothing; the spirit of God hovered over the surface of the deep (water); Then over the next 7 days; well 6 days God created light and dark; separated water and land and created all the vegetation and animals; and the 7th day God had a day of Sabbath, Day of rest;  Sabbath – belief that you should rest one day a week  Adam + Eve – lived in a Garden – couldn’t eat from ‘The Tree of the Knowledge of the Good and Evil’ – a serpent came along and spoke to Eve and convinced her she should go ahead and try some of the fruit; she made Adam try it as well; both having tried it they both reached the ‘Fall;’ the serpent was forever cursed to forever being on the ground and eat dirt (feet got taken away); women were cursed to have painful child birth (before this childbirth was not painful); men were cursed to have to work for a living (before this everything was provided by nature) – this story is to tell people that women should not be trusted – in Middle East and others women are less then a man and more easily susceptible to temptation o Abraham – The father of the Jewish people – the Hebrew’s; the chosen people of God – if such a person existed he lived around 1800 BC; he would have been a Semitic patriarch; people from southern Mesopotamia; a nomadic group of people who kept livestock; went to currently modern day Egypt; many tribes; patriarch was the head of the tribe; According to a story, one night he was sitting on a hill and God came to him and said everything you are looking at are going to your son; don’t worry about them not getting much because good things will come to them; he couldn’t have a child with his wife so his wife suggested he have a baby with her servant and he did so; in time he was able to have a child with his wife after and got rid of his first son and his mother; God said that the land would be given to the son he had with his wife; Isaac; first son was Ishmael – God told him he would have much power and according to tradition he is the head of the Arab people. o Moses – Was born of a Hebrew woman in the land of Egypt; according to a recent law in Egypt; that means that he had to be put to death; there were more slaves then people to watch over the slaves; Any male child had to be killed in a certain generation; the slave owner said she threw the baby in the river but failed to mention that she put him in a basket; the Pharaohs daughter found him and adopted him; and then one day he got in a fight with a pure Egyptian and killed him; he knew he would not get the benefit of the doubt and fled; he settled in to a new place where soon God came to him and told him he had a job for him; to free the Slaves of Egypt; he freed them and they fled into the desert; and they wandered for 40 years; 3 months into the 40th year they made the covenant and talked to God and he said I will be your God; and in turn you will follow my laws; the Laws were first the Ten Commandments; these are the Jewish Commandments  1. I am the Lord, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.  2. You should have no other Gods before me.  3. You cannot pronounce the name of God enibously; you should not swear in the name of God.  4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it Holy.  5. Honor your mother and father.  6. Though shall not murder.  7. You shall not commit adultery.  8. Don’t steal.  9. Do not bear false testimony against your neighbor.  10. Should not covet your neighbor’s possessions. o The Prophets – someone who speaks for someone else; when you go to court and you higher a lawyer; he speaks for you because he knows legal rules; by definition he is a prophet; Classic Prophets were often given the ability or given knowledge about the future;  Elijah – believed to not have died but taken to heaven and comes down from time to time to visit  Isaiah – words of Isaiah that most often get used and put into a Christian context and taken for Jesus 3/6/09 Judaism  God o El – also called Adonai – o Yah Weh o JeJoVaH  Angels o Malakey Elohim – the messengers of God to come to mankind and make God’s message known o Michael – translates to ‘Who is like God?’ o Gabriel – wrong, always true – When the Pope speaks from his chair (referring to his position), then it is believed that he is infallible, the things he says you must agree with, if you don’t you will not be able to consider yourself a Catholic o Saints – people who have died and moved on, they are deceased human beings – now they are in heaven standing about God – saints are not worshipped in Catholicism; they are venerated – they are praised, and can be communicated with in prayer – by invoking a saint, you can lower the time you have to suffer for all of the bad things you have done before you go to heaven o Mary o Purgatory – pay your time in purgatory – the hell before heaven o Heaven – after purgatory, you get to go to heaven – the place of God, angels, and saints o Earth - o Limbo - o Hell – the place you go if you don’t go to heaven and if you have lived a bad life o Vatican II – o Synod o Philokala – another book, the important writings of leaders from the 4th to the 14th centuries – these essays range from what is prayer and how to perform it, and what is virtue and how to perform – what is the nature of the holy spirit o Icon – if you stared of an icon of a saint, he stared back – if you hold an icon of Jesus while praying, he watches over you then – these are windows that saints and religious people can watch over you Protestantism  Martin Luther – started Protestantism – his beliefs varied so much so it started a new religion  Sola Scripture – scripture alone – all that you need to know is right and wrong – all that you need to know is a set of Christian scripture, not traditions  Sola Fide – faith alone 3/23/09 Islam  Scriptures o Koran – interpretations and practices for the Islamic community  A’isha’s Reports’ – o Hadith of the Angel Gibril – Walked into town, along the road which is made of dirt and came into the city completely clean, walked directly to Mohammed and kneeled to him, while touching knees, he leaned towards Mohammed and put his hands on his thighs – asked Mohammed to tell him about submission. After he gets his response the guy gets up and leaves and Mohammed asks everyone if they knew who he was; they said no, he said it was the Angel Gibril o Agreements o Shariah – they way to water, if your thirsty and in the desert, how are you going to go to get there the quickest – in a straight line, quickest path; the simplest, straightest, and quickest path is the Shariah  Practice and Ethics o 5 Pillars of Islam  Creed – There is no God but God and Mohammed is his profit   Only God is Allah  Mohammed speaks what God wants him to  Mohammed is the seal of the profits (final)  Prayer – a good muslim should pray 5 times a day(sunrise, noon, sunset, night), always facing the holiest place in the Muslim world, Mecca,  Quibla prayer is the public prayer, usually Friday at noon  Alms to the poor – a social welfare tax, a percentage of your money that should be given each year to the society  Add more money to the lower class, and then you’ll help better them which allows for a better economy overall 3/25/09 Islam  Practice o 5 Pillars of Islam – a Muslim that wants to do right must submit. Submit to God and to do what is right and resist all that which is not good or Godly. o Jihad – fight and struggle against forces – was used to justify armed battle – people called it the holy war o Hijab – the practice of veiling (the covering of yourself if you are a woman) – there is no specific reference in any of the books that says they should cover themselves 3/27/09 TEST REVIEW  Essay o In what way does each of the religions we have studied changed  Cultural Circumstances  Needs of a community addressing the modern needs and wants for a community  Historical events that had to do with the history of that religion o One from each  Judaism  Christianity  Islam  NO QUESTIONS FROM THE READING  NO BONUS  Trayf – kosher  8 Judaism questions  8 Islam questions  9 Christianity questions Some questions  Pope is head of catholic church  Icon is 2D window to a spiritual being  What is the global movement? Zionism  One relevant time related to Judaism… Sabbath  Christians often refer to the founder of Christianity as the Christ or Messiah, both of which mean ___________  7 sacraments o which 2 are recognized by all 3 forms of Christianity  baptism  ucarist – share bread n wine  5 books? of Islam  10 commandments  What is the name of Mohammed’s migration out of Meccah and to something that forms year 0 on the calendar? o Hijrah  Which form of Judaism believes you should follow all 640 ammendments o Orthodox  Which focus less on law o Reform  Focus more on community o Conservative  2 major varieties o Sunni – after the death of Ali, who should lead the community of Muslims – they say they should continue on the tradition of coming together and electing someone - orthopractic o Shia – believe that a hereditary decendant of Mohammed should lead the Muslim community – variety of twelvers o Sufi – a form of Muslim mysticism  Don’t have to know apostle’s creed  Know the Holy Trinity and know what the parts of it are o 3 standard parts of trinity – god the father, god the son, god the holy spirit  Koran and Hadjit 