Download Exam 2-textbook highlights | ZOL 445 - Evolution (W) and more Quizzes Theory of Evolution in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 an introduction to tree thinking DEFINITION 1 phylogenetic trees are a visual representation of descent w/ modification from a common ancestor TERM 2 ring species DEFINITION 2 some species appear to be in the process of splitting into 2 freely interbreeding populations connect the entire species, but members of certain populations do not interbreed TERM 3 structural & developmental homology DEFINITION 3 organisms show curious similarities in structure & development unrelated to function these similarities are difficult to explain under the Theory of Special Creation, but easy to explain under the Theory of Evolution TERM 4 molecular homology DEFINITION 4 curious similarities among organisms occur at the molecular level as well TERM 5 the modern concept of homology DEFINITION 5 Darwin's interpretation of homology has become the definition: similarity due to common ancestry TERM 6 relationships among species DEFINITION 6 species that are extremely similar to one another tend to be clustered geographically this suggests that they were not created independently, but are descended from a common ancestor that lived in the same area TERM 7 the adaptive significance of sex DEFINITION 7 many species are capable of both sexual & asexual reproduction TERM 8 which reproductive mode is better: sexual or asexual? DEFINITION 8 the persistence of sex is a paradox, because a simple model shows that asexual females should rapidly take over any population at least under some conditions, descendants produced by sexual reproduction achieve higher fitness than descendants produced by asexual reproduction TERM 9 sex in populations means genetic recombination DEFINITION 9 sex, to a population geneticist, means genetic recombination selection--on any sort of trait--seems to favor recombination in a population-genetic analysis, sex has exactly 1 effect: it reduces linkage disequilibrium TERM 10 selection imposed by a changing environment can make sex beneficial DEFINITION 10 sex may be advantageous because it re-creates favorable multilocus genotypes that have been lost to drift the genes for sex then ride to high frequency in the high- fitness genotypes they help to create
