Prevalence and Treatment of ADHD, Conduct, Substance Use, and Eating Disorders, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Prevalence and Treatment of ADHD, Conduct, Substance Use, and Eating Disorders and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Why has ADHD prevalence increased? DEFINITION 1 1) federal law recognized ADHD as potential disability in 19902) increase in number of school-based health clinics, offering children more access to mental health services3) advances in assessment techniques for ADHD in 1990's4) general increase in public awareness of disorder (perhaps decrease in stigma) TERM 2 ADHD comorbidities DEFINITION 2 1) conduct problems (conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, oppositional defiant disorder)2) substance use disorders3) anxiety and mood disorders*externalizing disorders more common in males, internalizing disorders more common in females TERM 3 Parent-child dynamics in ADHD families DEFINITION 3 1) mothers often more negative and hostile, less sensitive and responsive; children respond with aversive and noncompliment behavior (cyclic)2) mothers more at risk for mood disorders and substance use disorders (directionality uncertain) TERM 4 Associated problems with ADHD DEFINITION 4 1) poor parent-child interactions2) problems with peers (peer rejection)3) academic problems4) sleep problems TERM 5 Neurodevelopmental model for ADHD DEFINITION 5 Starts with behavioral inhibition issues (unable to delay gratification) which leads to disordered development of working memory, internalized speech, emotion regulation, and creative problem solving (ADHD symptoms) TERM 6 3 ODD symptom clusters DEFINITION 6 1) angry or irritable mood2) argumentative or defiant behavior3) vindictiveness (acting spiteful, seeking revenge) TERM 7 4 CD symptom clusters DEFINITION 7 1) aggression to people or animals2) destruction of property3) deceitfulness or theft4) serious violation of rules TERM 8 Why are there gender differences in symptom presentation of ODD/CD? DEFINITION 8 Girls participate more in relational aggression, which is the harm of another's mood, self-concept, or social status by manipulating interpersonal relationships1) parents socialize girls differently (physical aggression discouraged more than in boys)2) relational aggression more effective in harming other girls3) girls more advanced with language skills, making relational aggression more feasible TERM 9 Conduct problems: etiology DEFINITION 9 1) temperament - difficult; show very high or low levels of emotional activity, quick to cry or fuss, easily frustrated, difficulty adjusting to change2) deficits in social information processing (encode social cues, interpret internal and external cues, clarify own goals, develop plan of action, evaluate options)3) poor peer or parent relationships (deviancy training) TERM 10 Adolescence-limited conduct problems DEFINITION 10 begin showing disorder after puberty; rebellious more than aggressive; dependent more on quality of peer relationships; frequency and severity of disorder fades during middle to late adolescence TERM 21 Inpatient treatment and 12-step programs DEFINITION 21 used to treat substance use disorders; attend to immediate needs during withdrawal, help recognize harmful effects of alcohol or drugs, improve quality of relationships with others TERM 22 Motivational enhancement therapy DEFINITION 22 therapy used to increase adolescent's desire to reduce his/her alcohol consumption TERM 23 Family therapy DEFINITION 23 examines and treats how an adolescent's relationship with his/her family effects their substance use disorder TERM 24 Relapse prevention DEFINITION 24 section of substance use disorder treatment that focuses specifically on preventing adolescent from returning to patterns of drug abuse; most often used with motivational therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy TERM 25 ego-syntonic DEFINITION 25 used to describe anorexia nervosa, meaning that patient is unaware that they have eating disorders TERM 26 Anorexia nervosa DEFINITION 26 1) patients do not maintain healthy body weight2) patients show excessive concern over their body shape/weight3) ego- syntonic TERM 27 Bulimia nervosa DEFINITION 27 1) recurrent binge eating2) inappropriate compensatory behavior3) ego-dystonic (realize eating pattern is a problem)4) unusual preoccupation with weight or shape TERM 28 Binge eating disorder DEFINITION 28 recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behavior TERM 29 Differences between AN & BN DEFINITION 29 AN show unusually low body weight, which is not a requirement for BN TERM 30 Gender differences in eating disorder prevalence DEFINITION 30 Girls are 10 to 15 times more likely than boys to have eating disorders TERM 31 Personality features associated with eating disorders DEFINITION 31 1) idealization of thinness2) perfectionist3) sensitive to to psychological stress4) high need for order and organization TERM 32 Eating disorder etiology DEFINITION 32 1) genetics2) high serotonin levels, low cholecystokinin levels3) timing of puberty4) childhood sexual abuse5) low self-esteem and body dysphoria6) gender roles TERM 33 Inpatient treatment for AN DEFINITION 33 initially focuses of changing eating behaviors (meal completion); prevents compensatory behaviors TERM 34 Enuresis DEFINITION 34 1) repeating voiding of urine into bed or cothes2) occurs either twice weekly or causes distress3) child is at least 5 years old4) not attributable to a medication or medical condition TERM 35 Encopresis DEFINITION 35 1) Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places2) Occurs at least once per month for three months3) Child is at least 4 y/o4) Not attributable to medication or medical condition