Exam 3 | BIO 110 - Life Science, Quizzes of Earth Sciences

Download Exam 3 | BIO 110 - Life Science and more Quizzes Earth Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Charles Darwin was born in ___. DEFINITION 1 1809 TERM 2 The prevailing ideas at the time were: DEFINITION 2 Earth was relatively young (~6,000 years old) and species on earth are unchanging and unrelated TERM 3 Darwin was a naturalist on board the British ship Beagle DEFINITION 3 The voyage lasted from 1831 to 1836The Beagle traveled around the world, spending most of its time along the South American Coastline TERM 4 Darwin observed much diversity among the plants and animals he encountered but also ____. DEFINITION 4 Much unity as well. TERM 5 During the voyage, Darwin read Principles of Geology, written by _____________________. DEFINITION 5 Charles Lyell in 1830. TERM 6 Lyell suggested that____. DEFINITION 6 Earth is much older than 6,000 years and is sculpted by very gradual geologic processes. TERM 7 Darwin believed that if the Earth can change, so too _________. DEFINITION 7 Darwin believed that if the Earth can change, so too can the species that inhabit it. TERM 8 In 1859, Darwin published______. DEFINITION 8 In 1859, Darwin published The Origin of Species. TERM 9 The Origin of Species proposed that_____. DEFINITION 9 Life evolves. TERM 10 Darwin used the phrase ________. DEFINITION 10 Descent with modification to describe evolution. TERM 21 Natural selection is ________. DEFINITION 21 Unequal reproductive success. Individuals with more competitive traits will give them a competitive edge to survive, reproduce & pass their genes on to the next generation. TERM 22 An accumulation of traits over time is considered _________. DEFINITION 22 Biological evolution. TERM 23 Natural selection is not a conscious, deliberate, or active process. DEFINITION 23 Bacteria do not decide they need resistance to antibiotics. If a variation of bacteria is resistant to antibiotics, they are more likely to survive and reproduce The antibiotics do not create the resistance, they select those with the resistance. TERM 24 Evolution is often described as a ____________________. DEFINITION 24 Evolution is often described as a change in allele frequencies of a population from one generation to the next. - Specifically, this is the definition of microevolution which show variation between species. TERM 25 Populations are _____________. DEFINITION 25 Populations are groups of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time. TERM 26 A population is the smallest level in the biological hierarchy that can evolve because_______. DEFINITION 26 Populations are the smallest unit which can exhibit diversity. TERM 27 For a gene with two alleles, the frequency of the dominant allele in a population is represented by ___. DEFINITION 27 For a gene with two alleles, the frequency of the dominant allele in a population is represented by p. TERM 28 The frequency of the recessive allele is represented by___. DEFINITION 28 The frequency of the recessive allele is represented by q. TERM 29 Knowing allele frequencies allows___________. DEFINITION 29 Knowing allele frequencies allows determination of genotype frequencies. TERM 30 ___ represents the frequency of homozygous dominant genotypes. DEFINITION 30 p^2 TERM 31 ____ represents the frequency of heterozygotes. DEFINITION 31 2pq TERM 32 ____represents the frequency of homozygous recessives. DEFINITION 32 q^2 TERM 33 If the allege frequencies stay the same from one generation to the next_____________. DEFINITION 33 The population is in equilibrium, it's not evolving. TERM 34 If the allele and genotype frequencies do change over the generations_______________. DEFINITION 34 the population is undergoing microevolution. TERM 35 Macroevolution includes ________________. DEFINITION 35 speciation. TERM 46 Paedomorphosis is the___________________. DEFINITION 46 Paedomorphosis is the retention into adulthood of features that were strictly juvenile in a species ancestors. TERM 47 Systematics is the________________________. DEFINITION 47 Systematics is the scientific study of the diversity of and relationships among organisms. TERM 48 Systematics consists of ___________. DEFINITION 48 Taxonomy and phylogenetics. TERM 49 Taxonomy was first established by____________. DEFINITION 49 Taxonomy was first established by Carolus Linnaeus in the 1700s. TERM 50 Taxonomy consists of ________. DEFINITION 50 Nomenclature and classification. TERM 51 All species are assigned a ___________. DEFINITION 51 All species are assigned a binomial Latin name TERM 52 Panthera pardus =________. DEFINITION 52 leopard TERM 53 Homo sapiens = ________. DEFINITION 53 human TERM 54 Classification order DEFINITION 54 SpeciesGenus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom DomainIn reverse (Dumb Kids Playing Catch On Freeway Gets Smashed) TERM 55 Bacteria are______. DEFINITION 55 Unicellular organisms TERM 56 Archaea are_________. DEFINITION 56 Unicellular organisms which live in extreme environments.. TERM 57 Eukarya are__________. DEFINITION 57 All eukaryotic organisms including fungi, plants, animals, and protests. TERM 58 Phylogenetics searches for cades. A clade includes a__________. DEFINITION 58 Common ancestor and all of its decendents TERM 59 Phylogentics is used to describe evolution of both ___________. DEFINITION 59 Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. TERM 60 Prokaryotes evolved about____years ago. DEFINITION 60 3.5 billion TERM 71 The most familiar bryophytes are _____________. DEFINITION 71 Mosses. TERM 72 Bryophytes are also called _________. DEFINITION 72 Non-vascular plants. TERM 73 Vascular tissue is __________. DEFINITION 73 Not present in Bryophytes. TERM 74 The most familiar seedless vascular plants are ________________. DEFINITION 74 Ferns. TERM 75 Though they do possess roots and shoots, this water constraint keeps ferns from __________. DEFINITION 75 Growing very tall. TERM 76 Gymnosperms were considered the first plants to reproduce by __________. DEFINITION 76 Seeds and pollen. TERM 77 The most familiar gymnosperms are ________. DEFINITION 77 Conifers. TERM 78 Pollen delivers sperm to eggs _________. DEFINITION 78 Without relying on water. TERM 79 Pollen is carried by ________ in gymnosperms. DEFINITION 79 wind TERM 80 Gymnosperms have specialized gametangia called ___________. DEFINITION 80 ovules. TERM 81 Angiosperms evolved a new traitthe _________. DEFINITION 81 flower TERM 82 Insects carry___________,rather than relying on chance like wind pollination. DEFINITION 82 Pollen from flower to flower TERM 83 The ovule develops into a ____________. DEFINITION 83 Seed after fertilization. TERM 84 The ovary develops into a __________. DEFINITION 84 Fruit. TERM 85 Fruits contain seeds! Fruits allow for greater ____________. DEFINITION 85 Dispersal of the embryo. TERM 96 Multiple protist cells are thought to gradually become more specialized, ___________. DEFINITION 96 Developing distinct layers. TERM 97 Life suddenly appeared or "exploded" as different forms. This is known as the_________. DEFINITION 97 Cambrian explosion. TERM 98 Four key characteristics of animal development: DEFINITION 98 (1) the development of true tissues (endoderm, mesoderm & ectoderm) (2) the development of complex body symmetry(3) The development of a true body cavity led to complex internal anatomy and physiology. A body cavity is a fluid-filled compartment separating the outer body from the digestive tract. This cavity may be absent, present as a pseudocoelom or a true coelom TERM 99 Deutrostomes are_____________. DEFINITION 99 Vertebrates and sea stars.- the first embryonic unfolding becomes the anus TERM 100 In protostomes, the first embryonic infolding becomes the__________. DEFINITION 100 mouth TERM 101 Sponges do not have true tissues, so they are thought to be a _______. DEFINITION 101 Primitive animal TERM 102 Sponges have several autonomous cell types, such as ___________ and __________. DEFINITION 102 amoebocytes and choanocytes. TERM 103 Cnidarians are the simplest animals with ___________. DEFINITION 103 True tissues TERM 104 Seaside polyps are_________. DEFINITION 104 Hydra, corals, sea anemones. TERM 105 Free floating medusa are________. DEFINITION 105 Jellyfish. TERM 106 Many molluscs feed by using a file-like organ called a ____________to scrape up food. DEFINITION 106 Radula TERM 107 The body of a mollusk has three main parts: DEFINITION 107 A muscular foot used for movementA visceral mass housing most of the internal organsA mantle which secretes the shell if present. TERM 108 Most flatworms are free-living forms called_________. DEFINITION 108 planarians TERM 109 Human tapeworms can reach over ____________! DEFINITION 109 60 Ft long TERM 110 Annelids are worms whose bodies are elongated by ___________. DEFINITION 110 Repetitive body segments. TERM 121 Birds have similar anatomy and physiology to some dinosaurs called _________________. DEFINITION 121 Theropods TERM 122 Two key features of mammals are: DEFINITION 122 Hair to insulate the bodyMammary glands that produce milk and nourish the young. TERM 123 There are three major groups of mammals: DEFINITION 123 Monotremes (egg laying mammals)Marsupials (carry young in a pouch)Eutherian (placental) TERM 124 Ecology is DEFINITION 124 the scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment. TERM 125 Environmental characteristics are classified into two major components: DEFINITION 125 Abiotic characteristics (physical nonliving characteristics such as temp., soil moisture, or CO2 availability.Biotic characteristics (relating to the environment of living organisms TERM 126 3 typical responses to a changing environment: DEFINITION 126 Physiological responseAnatomical responseBehavioral response TERM 127 A _____________ is a group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area. DEFINITION 127 population TERM 128 Factors that affect Population ecology include: DEFINITION 128 DensityStructureSizeGrowth Rate TERM 129 If individuals aggregate in patches, their dispersion is _______________. DEFINITION 129 Clumped. TERM 130 An equal spacing among individuals is called_________. DEFINITION 130 Uniform dispersion pattern. TERM 131 Individuals may be spaced unpredictably called _________. DEFINITION 131 Random dispersion pattern TERM 132 Random dispersion typically occurs in__________. DEFINITION 132 Rainforests. TERM 133 The ___model describes the rate of expansion of a population under optimal growth conditions. DEFINITION 133 Exponential growth TERM 134 The ________is therefore a more realistic model for wild populations. DEFINITION 134 logistic growth model TERM 135 The logistic growth model describes_________. DEFINITION 135 The growth of a idealized population that is slowed when it encounters limiting factors. TERM 146 Ecologists have identified four main factors responsible for the loss of biodiversity: DEFINITION 146 Habitat destruction and fragmentationInvasive speciesoverexploitationPollution TERM 147 Biodiversity is threatened by the destruction and fragmentation of habitats by: DEFINITION 147 AgricultureUrban developmentForestryMining TERM 148 Problems with invasive species have: DEFINITION 148 Competition with native speciesPrey upon native speciesParasitized native species TERM 149 Aquatic ecosystems may be polluted by toxic: DEFINITION 149 ChemicalsNutrients TERM 150 An assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction is called _________________. An assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction is called ____________________> DEFINITION 150 community TERM 151 _____interactions occur when two populations in a community compete for a common resource. DEFINITION 151 -/- TERM 152 _____interactions are mutually beneficial, such as between plants and their pollinators. DEFINITION 152 +/+ TERM 153 _____interactions occur when one population benefits and the other is harmed, such as in predation. DEFINITION 153 +/- TERM 154 In interspecific competition, the population growth of a species may be limited by DEFINITION 154 The population densities of competing species By the density of its own population TERM 155 An ecological _______ is the sum of an organisms abiotic and biotic resources in its environment. DEFINITION 155 niche TERM 156 The Competitive Exclusion Principle states: DEFINITION 156 that if two species have an ecological niche that is too similar, the two species can't coexist in the same place TERM 157 In _______________, both species benefit from an interaction. DEFINITION 157 mutualism TERM 158 Predation refers to: DEFINITION 158 an interaction in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another (the prey). TERM 159 Cryptic coloration is ___________. DEFINITION 159 Camouflage TERM 160 A warning coloration is a _________. DEFINITION 160 Brightly colored pattern