Biodiversity Study Guide: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Fungi, Plants, and Animals, Assignments of Biology

Download Biodiversity Study Guide: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Fungi, Plants, and Animals and more Assignments Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Portions of Ch-28-35; focus on lecture notes Study Guide Biodiversity Learning Objectives  Understand the difference between the current way kingdoms are listed as compared to Whittaker’s five kingdom system  Understand the differences between the three domains of organisms  Know distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotes  Know distinguishing characteristics of unicellular eukaryotes  Know distinguishing characteristics of multicellular eukaryotes NOTE: You should be able to meet these objectives by coming to class, participating in activities, and reviewing class notes. I. Know how Whittaker’s five-kingdom system has changed. a. Know the traditional five kingdoms b. Know the current “domain-based” classification system started by Carl Woese. i. give examples of each ii. know which organisms are for the most part unicellular and which are multicellular; give examples iii. know which organisms are in each Domain. c. Be able to compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms based on characteristics that distinguish these overall groups. II. Know the overall characteristics shared by Bacteria and Archaea. i. Prokaryotic, unicellular, small, etc… (see notes) ii. What makes them different? b. What is the overall structure for prokaryotes? i. The three main types of structures ii. DNA structure iii. Specialized membranes iv. Motility 1. What is taxis? v. Reproduction and adaptations to harsh environments vi. What extremophile means in relation to Archaea 1. Other than this feature, how is Archaea different from bacteria? III. Know the general characteristics of Protists—what defines them. a. Morphology b. Structure c. Locomotion (how it moves from point A to point B) i. Be able to identify types of locomotion and structures associated with locomotion. For example, cilia, flagella, pseudopodia. ii. Feeding habits as they correspond to locomotion. d. Know that they can be either: i. Phytoplankton ii. Zooplankton e. Know other basic characteristics as listed on the notes. 1. What is the difference between prokaryotic and unicellular eukaryotes? 1 Portions of Ch-28-35; focus on lecture notes Study Guide IV. Know the morphological traits of fungi a. Body types b. Heterotrophs c. Mycelium (mycelia=plural) i. Hyphae 1. structure of hyphae 2. specializations of hyphae ii. Fruiting body (reproductive structure) iii. Spores (reproductive cell) d. Be able to describe how fungi: i. take in nutrients ii. make up an important part of the ecosystem iii. are useful to us iv. they form relationships with other organisms (be able to identify, define and give examples of each) 1. parasitic (pathogens) 2. mutualistic a. mycorrhizae (plant and fungus) b. fungus-animal relationships c. lichen (algae and fungus) 3. Be familiar with the phylogenetic tree of fungi—know the basic body plan for each (if you see a picture, could you identify it)? You don’t need to memorize the different categories, just be able to match them up with the correct fungi based on how they look. V. Know main characteristics of each plant group—what makes each group distinct. Be able to match the name to a group or recognize it from a list. Organize these groups based on the water to land transition. VI. Be able to list the key characteristics of animals a. Be familiar with the phylogenetic tree of animals and all of the traits included on the example discussed in class. b. Know which organisms are diploblast and triploblast and know what these terms mean i. Exception would be sponges which have no tissues c. Be able to recognize the two types of symmetry and give examples i. Radial ii. Bilateral 1. How does cephalization relate to bilateral symmetry? iii. Asymmetry d. Be able to define “coelom.” i. Also know its functions ii. Which animals do not have a coelom? e. Know the two basic plans of development and be able to give examples of each. i. Deuterostomes ii. Protostomes 2