Water Quality Assessment: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Engineering

Download Water Quality Assessment: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 CDI DEFINITION 1 [(Concentration(mg/L)*Intake rate(L/day)) / Body Weight]* (1/70yrs)*(year/365days)*exposure (days) TERM 2 Risk DEFINITION 2 CDI*Potency factor TERM 3 Potency Factor DEFINITION 3 Can be obtained from the slope of a dose-response curve TERM 4 Non-Carcinogens DEFINITION 4 Key assumption: The existence of an exposure threshold means that exposure to less than the threshold would be expected to show no increase in adverse effects. TERM 5 NOAEL DEFINITION 5 No Observed Adverse Effects Level Highest dose that does not create an adverse effect TERM 6 LOAEL DEFINITION 6 Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level Lowest dose that does create an adverse health effect TERM 7 RfD DEFINITION 7 Reference dose Dose at which no health effect occurs TERM 8 Hazard Quotient DEFINITION 8 (Average daily dose*Exposure period)/RfD HQ>1 Risk HQ<1 No significant risk TERM 9 Hazard Index Value DEFINITION 9 Sum of HQ values TERM 10 Exposure Assessment DEFINITION 10 Two processes: Exposure pathways Amount of contact TERM 21 Salts DEFINITION 21 Dissolved solids refer to concentration of cations and anions TERM 22 Suspended Solids DEFINITION 22 Include any organic or inorganic particle TERM 23 Organic Contaminants DEFINITION 23 BTEX TERM 24 BTEX DEFINITION 24 Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylene TERM 25 TCE DEFINITION 25 Trichloroethene TERM 26 PCE DEFINITION 26 Perchloroethene/Tetrachloroethene TERM 27 What percent of Earth's water is from saline oceans? DEFINITION 27 97% TERM 28 What percent of Earth's fresh water is accessible? DEFINITION 28 Less than 1% TERM 29 What percent of the world is covered in water? DEFINITION 29 70% TERM 30 How many people are without access to safe drinking water? DEFINITION 30 1.2 billion 1 out of every 5-6 people TERM 31 Factors affecting water usage DEFINITION 31 Population Cost of water Climate Conservation practices Economic considerations TERM 32 What percent of U.S. water resources it surface water and what percent is ground water? DEFINITION 32 79% is surface water and 21% is groundwater TERM 33 How many gallons of water are consumed in the U.S. per day? DEFINITION 33 408 billion 85 billion -ground 322 billion -surface TERM 34 What percent of withdrawals are fresh? DEFINITION 34 Groundwater 99% Surface water 81% (19% saline) TERM 35 What states have the highest water usage? DEFINITION 35 Texas California Florida TERM 46 BOD DEFINITION 46 Biochemical Oxygen Demand The amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to oxidize wastes aerobically TERM 47 BOD Test DEFINITION 47 Examines amount of oxygen consumed within a certain period of time TERM 48 Unseeded BOD Test DEFINITION 48 Conditions: dark, 20 degrees C, stopper on BOD5=(DOi-DOf)/P TERM 49 P DEFINITION 49 Dilution fraction=volume of sample/total volume (DOi-DOf)/BOD5 TERM 50 % BOD5 Removal Calculation DEFINITION 50 Influent BOD5=(DOi=DOf)/PEffluen BOD5="%BOD5 removal=[(Influent BOD5-Effluent BOD5)/Influent BOD5]*100 TERM 51 Seeded BOD Test DEFINITION 51 Involves the addition of microorganisms Involves using a "blank" that contains seeded dilution water whereas the "sample" contains the seeded dilution water and waste water sample TERM 52 BOD5 of Seeded Sample DEFINITION 52 (DOi-DOf)-[(Bi-Bf)/(1-P)]/P TERM 53 Deoxygenation DEFINITION 53 DO decreases as wastes are oxidized TERM 54 Reaeration DEFINITION 54 Further downstream, oxygen is replenished TERM 55 Critical DO DEFINITION 55 Lowest DO value downstream of waste input TERM 56 Critical Distance DEFINITION 56 Distance downstream at which critical DO occurs TERM 57 Travel Time DEFINITION 57 Critical point