Terms and Definitions in Sociology: Poverty, Race, Ethnicity, and Crime, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Terms and Definitions in Sociology: Poverty, Race, Ethnicity, and Crime and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Ethocentrism DEFINITION 1 Early immigrants labelled Native Americans as uncivilized and heathen. When you think your way of life and culture is superior to another cultureEthnocentrism is the act of judging another culture based on preconceptions that are found in values and standards of one's own culture. TERM 2 Scapegoat theory DEFINITION 2 Many politicians blame illegal immigrants for unemployment of American workers.Scapegoating is the practice of singling out a person or group for unmerited blame and consequent negative treatment. TERM 3 Authoritarian Personality DEFINITION 3 Authoritarian personality is a state of mind or attitude characterized by belief in absolute obedience or submission to someone else-s authority, as well as the administration of that belief through the oppression of one's subordinates.KKK TERM 4 Structural Functional Perspective DEFINITION 4 Herbert Spencer looked at society as a whole. Examples: Blaming the poor for being poor TERM 5 Conflict perspective DEFINITION 5 The world system perspective- poverty of nations is not their responsibility. Poor is poor because rich nations exploit them EX. spain took land from locals and gave it to the soldiers TERM 6 Noel theory of ethnic stratification DEFINITION 6 Racial and ethnic stratification refers systems of inequality in which some fixed groups membership, such as race, religion, or national origin is a major criterion for ranking social positions and their differential rewards. Part of domination theory TERM 7 Internal colonialism DEFINITION 7 people are treated as a colony inside their own country, deprived from basic rights, considered inferior, enslaved TERM 8 poverty DEFINITION 8 a. Absolute poverty refers to a situation when a household cannot maintain some minimum standard of living b. From a human dev. Perspective, poverty means the denial of choices and opportunities for a tolerable life TERM 9 Indicators of poverty DEFINITION 9 a. GNP- gross national product b. Average income- some countries the average income 20-10 thousand and others are 80-90 thousand a year i. These indicators are very miss leading because the top 1% are including and it skews the results TERM 10 Social indicators of poverty DEFINITION 10 infant mortality child mortality life expectancy Access to knowledge Standard of living Access to safe waterliving conditions TERM 21 Minority DEFINITION 21 puts you at a disadvantage TERM 22 Prejudice DEFINITION 22 Prejudice, or bigotry, is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on that person's group membership. i. Rigid, negative, and false generalizations about an entire category of people ex. Religions, ethnic groups, Kentucky drivers TERM 23 Pluralism DEFINITION 23 i. A state in which racial and ethnic minorities are distinct but have social parity ex. French speaking Canadians hate English speaking Canadians ii. People in a certain country want immigrants to adapt to their standards TERM 24 Acculturation DEFINITION 24 Acculturation is the process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from blending between cultures. TERM 25 Assimilation DEFINITION 25 gradual adopting culture of larger group leading to a complete loss in their own culture and identity EX> ABCD- identity crises with the middle eastern immigrants TERM 26 Segregation DEFINITION 26 i. Physical and social separation of certain categories of people ii. When you force people to live in separate neighborhoods based on their race, ethnicity TERM 27 Genocide DEFINITION 27 i. Systematic annihilation of one category of people by another TERM 28 Scapegoat Theory DEFINITION 28 a. The feelings of frustration and rage against injustices and oppression are directed to minorities i. Working class people believe they lost their jobs to immigrants, and Trump used this to his advantage to win TERM 29 Authoritarian Personality DEFINITION 29 a. Intolerant to one and all minorities, they are superior b. Very rigid to conventional cultural values c. Competition and hierarchy are considered natural, similar to social Darwinism d. No flexibility, ex. KKK video TERM 30 Conflict theory DEFINITION 30 Prejudice and economic power if you are from any ethnic group but super rich you are still better than a poor white man elites encourage prejudice to divide working classKarl Marx very liberal TERM 31 The Caste Analysis of Race Relations DEFINITION 31 a. The boundaries of race are permanent b. Education and income cannot bridge the gap TERM 32 Domination Theory DEFINITION 32 noels theory of ethnic stratification internal colonism class based explanation TERM 33 Noels Theory of Ethnic Stratification DEFINITION 33 a. Marxist, economic domination is more important than culture and religion TERM 34 Class based explanation DEFINITION 34 a. according to Marxists, economic class makes you inferior vs superior TERM 35 Consequences of Domination theory DEFINITION 35 .Politics 2. Education 3. Economy 4. Judicial system TERM 46 Crime DEFINITION 46 need a law saying that it is a crimeIntentional actviolates a written lawcommitted without defense penalized by the state georgraphy TERM 47 Intentional act DEFINITION 47 - a person is driving and you accidentally kill them it isnt a murder TERM 48 Geography, time, and punishment DEFINITION 48 anything can labeled as a crime During slavery system it was illegal to send black kids to school or to drink from a white fountain In Dublin there is a prison, they had little kids serving time for stealing something small like bread. That was their definition of crime TERM 49 Why crime? DEFINITION 49 Cassical theories- situational TERM 50 Beccaria and Bentham DEFINITION 50 Believed the more severe the punishment the less crime TERM 51 Biological theories on crime DEFINITION 51 Lombroso believd crimlas have a biological difference a. Sugar intake b. Vitamin Deficiency c. Hormonal influences d. XYY syndrome rough and tough e. Twin Studies TERM 52 Social biology DEFINITION 52 wilson "Crime is commited for 2 reasons, sociology and biology" TERM 53 Psychological theories DEFINITION 53 IDSuperegoEGO TERM 54 ID DEFINITION 54 Animalistic- humans are born evil TERM 55 Superego DEFINITION 55 Socalized- the baby bot left in the jungle but is saved by a agrresive tribe The id, ego, and super-ego are three distinct, yet interacting agents in the psychic apparatus defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche. TERM 56 Ego DEFINITION 56 compromised between ID and superego TERM 57 Sociological theories DEFINITION 57 Anomie Deferential Associationlabeling actlabeling of individual TERM 58 Anomie theory DEFINITION 58 Dehiem: when social structures are broken down you commit crimes Society must integrate individuals when you alienate someone they because dangerous TERM 59 Deferential association DEFINITION 59 individuals dominate through socilization if you hangout with crimlas you are one TERM 60 Labeling act DEFINITION 60 no such thing as a crim unless labeled as a crime Soldiers kill someone he is a hero