EXAM 3, part 1 | PSYC 2044 - Psychology of Learning, Quizzes of Psychology

Download EXAM 3, part 1 | PSYC 2044 - Psychology of Learning and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Observational/Social Learning DEFINITION 1 Behavior of the MODEL is witnessed by an OBSERVER and the observer's behavior is subsequently changed. TERM 2 Two Types of Observational Learning DEFINITION 2 1) Contagious Behavior2) Stimulus Enhancement TERM 3 Contagious Behavior DEFINITION 3 Instinctive/reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual TERM 4 Stimulus Enhancement DEFINITION 4 probability of a behavior is changed because the individual's attention is drawn to a particular item of location because of another individual TERM 5 Enhancement Cues DEFINITION 5 scent marking and learned symbols TERM 6 Acquisition DEFINITION 6 requires that the observer attend to the model4 factors:1) consequences of the model's behavior2) observers are explicitly reinforced for attending to the model3) Whether observer has sufficient skills to benefit from it4) Personal characteristics of the model - legitimacy similarities TERM 7 Performance DEFINITION 7 typically observational learning translates into behavior via reinforcement3 factors:1) whether we've observed the model experience reinforcement for the behavior2) whether we ourselves will experience reinforcement of punishment3) our own history of reinforcement or punishment for performing modeling behaviors TERM 8 Banduras Bobo Doll Experiment researched the relationship between ___ and ___. DEFINITION 8 social learning and aggression TERM 9 Rule-Governed Behavior DEFINITION 9 behavior that has been generated through exposure to rules TERM 10 Rule DEFINITION 10 statement about contingency (if..then)In a certain setting, if we perform a certain behavior then a certain consequence will follow TERM 21 Instinctive Drift DEFINITION 21 Genetically based, fixed action pattern gradually emerges and displaces behavior being operant conditioned TERM 22 Sign Tracking DEFINITION 22 an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event-S^D is treated like an appetitive stimulus and is SOUGHT OUTStimulus Substitution Theory - CS becomes a substitute for the USNegative automaintenance- pigeons will peak at key associated with food even when doing so prevents delivery of food TERM 23 EEG Neurofeedback DEFINITION 23 an operant conditioning procedure where by an individual modifies the amplitude frequency or coherency of the neurophysiological dynamics of their own brain TERM 24 Brain Waves DEFINITION 24 Awake, alertBETA: 13+ HzALPHA: 8-13 HzAsleep, pathologicalTHETA: 4-8 HzDELTA: >4 Hz TERM 25 Neurofeedback for ADHD DEFINITION 25 -directly impacts brain abnormalities observed-training to normalize brain waves-evidence of improvement in concentration behavior/misconduct, IQ, achievement, and GPA TERM 26 Neurofeedback for Mild Brain Injury DEFINITION 26 -training at site of injury-decreased power differences between anterior and posterior cortical regions-decreased alpha power TERM 27 Adjunctive Behavior DEFINITION 27 DEFINITION: excessive pattern of behavior that emerges as a by product of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement of other behavior(as one behavior is being strengthened through intermittent reinforcement, another quite different behavior emergies as a side effect of the procedure) TERM 28 Activity Anorexia DEFINITION 28 DEFINITION: an abnormally high level of activity and a low level of food intake generated by exposure to a restricted schedule of reinforcement TERM 29 Behavior System Theory DEFINITION 29 an animals behavior is organized into certain system or categories (i.e., feeding, mating, escaping predators, etc), each of which containing a set of responses that can become activated in certain situations TERM 30 Comparative Cognition DEFINITION 30 Study of information processing across a variety of species including humans TERM 31 Biophilia hypothesis DEFINITION 31 "love of nature"humans may have an inherited predisposition to be drawn to ("or bond with") nature, including other animals TERM 32 Tinbergen's "Four Questions" DEFINITION 32 ULTIMATE CAUSE of a trait = reasons for which that a trait evolves within a species1) What purpose does this serve for survival or reproduction?2) How is this trait distributed among various species?PROXIMATE CAUSE of a trait = immediate causes for the expression of that trait in an individual3) What biological & environmental events lead to the expression of this trait in an individual?4) How does this trait emerge or change during an individual's development? TERM 33 Delayed Matching to Sample Vs. Direct Matching to Sample DEFINITION 33 Delayed matching-to-sample tasks testmemory, whereas direct matching-to-sample tasks testcategorization. TERM 34 Concept of Tools DEFINITION 34 Tool Use = organism understands the relationships between objects and effects-using existing object-planning, combining and creating tools TERM 35 Clever Hans DEFINITION 35 simply learned to being tapping the ground until certain aspects of questioner's features changed