Views on Nature, Science and Technology: A Historical Perspective, Quizzes of Geography

Download Views on Nature, Science and Technology: A Historical Perspective and more Quizzes Geography in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Views on Nature, Science & Technology DEFINITION 1 pre-christian, christian, bacononian TERM 2 pre-christian view DEFINITION 2 "organic" world provided for humans (food, shelter), but also threatened human life (natural disasters, famine) TERM 3 christian view DEFINITION 3 "man" made in image of God was set apart from nature, and was responsible for controlling nature TERM 4 bacononian view (1500s-present) DEFINITION 4 role of science was to help humans understand, use and control nature. TERM 5 environmental determinism DEFINITION 5 18th/19th century. nature shapes society, behavior and attitudes.-suggested relationship between climate and work ethic TERM 6 environmental possibilism DEFINITION 6 "maybe nature shapes people" TERM 7 Carson ideology DEFINITION 7 -cannot think of nature as separate from society -disruption of bird reproductive systems due to pesticides-linked human health with environmental health TERM 8 I.P.A.T. DEFINITION 8 I = P A T ; i - environmental impact, p - population, a - affluence, t - technology TERM 9 cultural ecology DEFINITION 9 studies the relationship between a given society and its natural environment as well as the life-forms and ecosystems that support its lifeways . TERM 10 deep ecology DEFINITION 10 is a contemporary ecological philosophy that recognizes an inherent worth of other beings, aside from their utility. TERM 21 pollution DEFINITION 21 the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. TERM 22 tragedy of the commons DEFINITION 22 which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen. TERM 23 nuclear energy DEFINITION 23 cleaner, cheaper and more efficient than fossil fuels TERM 24 hydropower DEFINITION 24 clean energy alternative to coal, oil, gas -changes ecology of rive-displaces people -temporary -removes access to prime agricultural land TERM 25 geothermal DEFINITION 25 heat from the ground TERM 26 wind power DEFINITION 26 turns turbines TERM 27 solar power DEFINITION 27 photovoltaics TERM 28 biomass DEFINITION 28 ethanol, biodiesel TERM 29 5 categories of land cover DEFINITION 29 (1)forest, (2)cultivated, (3)grassland, (4)wetland, (5)areas of settlement TERM 30 change in land use DEFINITION 30 urbanization, agriculture TERM 31 sustainable development DEFINITION 31 meet the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs TERM 32 cheap food policy DEFINITION 32 keeps food prices low = keeps wages low = increase profits in industrial sector -farmer = bankruptcy -production of cheap food -government subsidies/tax $ TERM 33 organic agriculture DEFINITION 33 the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and control pests on a farm. TERM 34 conventional agriculture DEFINITION 34 -adaptation of natural environment-manufacture of food "products"-vertical integration of economic systems TERM 35 Outcomes to conventional agriculture DEFINITION 35 -inexpensive, abundant, diverse foods-agricultural surpluses- polluted/degraded environments-declining human health TERM 46 enclaves DEFINITION 46 territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory.-ethnic districts, identity TERM 47 ghettoes DEFINITION 47 section of a city occupied by a group who live there especially because of social, economic, or legal pressure. - low income, discrimination TERM 48 colonies DEFINITION 48 conquest, immigration TERM 49 central business district (CBD) DEFINITION 49 offices, hotels, transportation hubs TERM 50 protected designation of origin DEFINITION 50 Protected Geographical Status (PGS) is a legal framework defined in European Union law to protect the names of regional foods. TERM 51 peripheral cities DEFINITION 51 underemployment, informal economy, uneven development, congested transportation, degraded environmental conditions TERM 52 pessimistic view on future DEFINITION 52 (Cassandra) -exhaust resources-increase conflicts TERM 53 optimistic view DEFINITION 53 (Pollyanna) -increase global interconnections-technological advancements TERM 54 barbarism DEFINITION 54 things get really bad-negative stresses present today intensify and contribute to social breakdown TERM 55 great transition DEFINITION 55 things get a lot better2 types: global governance & new sustainability TERM 56 conventional worlds DEFINITION 56 development is governed by gradual, steady industrial growth worldwide. TERM 57 global governance DEFINITION 57 emphasis on global common goods, intergovernmental cooperation (peace)-restricts certain activities to benefit global population TERM 58 new sustainability DEFINITION 58 increase in technological innovations are concentrated in core regions-gap between rich and poor widens TERM 59 sustainability DEFINITION 59 necessary to finding a way forward in the middle of potential crises (social, political, economic, environmental) TERM 60 cultural geography DEFINITION 60 focuses on the way in which place, space and landscape shape culture at the same time that culture shapes place, space and landscape.