Population and Fertility Trends: Definitions and Concepts, Quizzes of School management&administration

Download Population and Fertility Trends: Definitions and Concepts and more Quizzes School management&administration in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 population and fertility trends worldwide DEFINITION 1 change linked to macro level economics, growing at a rate of 1.043% TERM 2 about 80 million DEFINITION 2 about how many people is the population increasing per year TERM 3 fertility rate DEFINITION 3 a measure reported as average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime number of children born per 1,000 women ages 15-44, or number of children born per 1,000 population TERM 4 pronatalism DEFINITION 4 a cultural value that encourages child bearing TERM 5 things that promote pronatalism DEFINITION 5 TV, fertility products/marketing, celebrity pregnancy, religious expectation TERM 6 direct financial costs DEFINITION 6 out of pocket expenses for things such as food, clothing, housing, education (for raising children) TERM 7 opportunity costs DEFINITION 7 lost opportunity for income by working only part time or not at all because of children TERM 8 rewards of parenting DEFINITION 8 rewards are subjective and more difficult to measure TERM 9 infertility DEFINITION 9 the inability to conceive a child TERM 10 surrogacy DEFINITION 10 the act of giving birth to a child for another person or a couple who then adopts or takes legal custody of the child TERM 21 socialization DEFINITION 21 the lifelong process by which we acquire the cultural values and skills needed to function as human beings and participate in society TERM 22 Id DEFINITION 22 the part of the personality that includes biological drives and needs for immediate gratification ("Devil") TERM 23 ego DEFINITION 23 the rational component of personality that attempts to balance the need for immediate gratification with the demands of society TERM 24 superego DEFINITION 24 this is our conscience which draws upon our cultural values and norms to help us understand why we cannot have anything we want TERM 25 sensorimotor stage DEFINITION 25 birth to age 2: infants and toddlers understand the world primarily through touch, sucking, listening, and looking TERM 26 preoperational thought DEFINITION 26 second stage of cognitive development. ages 2 to 7: as the child learns language, symbolic play, and the symbolic drawing but does not grasp abstract concepts TERM 27 concrete operational thought DEFINITION 27 piaget's third stage, ages 7-12: when children begin to see the causal connections in their surroundings and can manipulate categories, classification systems, and hierarchies in groups TERM 28 formal operational thought DEFINITION 28 piaget's fourth stage. adolescence-adulthood: children develop capacities for abstract thought and can conceptualize more complex issues or rules that can be used for problem solving TERM 29 looking-glass self DEFINITION 29 cooley's suggestion that we come to see ourselves as others perceive and respond to us TERM 30 role taking DEFINITION 30 mead's focus on the process of mentally assuming the role of another person to understand the world from their point of view TERM 31 social learning theory DEFINITION 31 developed by alfred bandura, the theory that behavior is learned through modeling and reinforcement TERM 32 agents of socialization DEFINITION 32 family member, especially parents, schools and childcare, peer groups, toys, games, mass media TERM 33 Racial/Ethnic Socialization DEFINITION 33 teaching minority children about prejudice, discrimination, and the coping skills necessary to develop and maintain a strong and healthy self-image TERM 34 authoritative, authoritarian, permissive DEFINITION 34 three types of parenting styles (uninvolved not included?) TERM 35 authoritative DEFINITION 35 parenting style that is demanding and maintain high levels of control over the children but is also warm and receptive TERM 46 lesbian/gay parents DEFINITION 46 controversial, both parents can;'t be on the birth certificate, social discrimination, strong extended network of friends/family TERM 47 grandparents raising grandchildren DEFINITION 47 3 million children under the care, mothers and fathers absent for various reasons specifically due to substance abuse, inability to care for the child, neglect, and psychological and financial problems TERM 48 harmony house jill liken DEFINITION 48 provides supervised visits/custody exchanges, facilitate exchange of child between separated parents, visits due to substance abuse, domestic violence, automatic restraining order. Document what takes place during visit and getting a feel for how safe they think children will be TERM 49 early american workforce DEFINITION 49 revolved around seasonal work (farming/ranching), work and family were all one thing TERM 50 shift to manufacturing DEFINITION 50 middle class emerged, men went out to work, women responsible for household work TERM 51 child labor DEFINITION 51 paid and unpaid labor (indentured servitude), less expensive, easier to keep employed, less likely to strike, TERM 52 Massachusetts 1836 DEFINITION 52 when and where were the first child labor laws passed? TERM 53 cult of domesticity DEFINITION 53 men seen as laborers , women as caretakers TERM 54 living wage DEFINITION 54 wages that are above the federal or state minimum wage levels, usually ranging from 100 to 130 percent above the poverty line TERM 55 nonstandard work schedules DEFINITION 55 job schedules that are part time, subcontracted temporary in nature, occur at night, or offer irregular work schedules TERM 56 medicaid DEFINITION 56 the federal state health care program for eligible poor of all ages TERM 57 medicare DEFINITION 57 the federal health care program for the elderly TERM 58 affordable health care act DEFINITION 58 mandate for all Americans to have insurance, can purchase through marketplace, currently very controversial with partisan support TERM 59 household labor DEFINITION 59 in general, the unpaid work done to maintain family members and/or a home TERM 60 routine household labor DEFINITION 60 non-discretionary routine tasks that cannot be postponed, such as cooking, cleaning, washing dishes TERM 71 bonadaptation DEFINITION 71 positive outcome of a stressful situation, making the best out of the situation TERM 72 adaptation DEFINITION 72 adjusting to the change/stress TERM 73 maladaptation DEFINITION 73 don't adjust to the situation, end up having more stress than the situation caused TERM 74 child abuse DEFINITION 74 an attack on a child that results in an injury and violates our social norms TERM 75 domestic violence DEFINITION 75 a pattern of behavior in which one person attempts to control another through threats or actual use of physical, verbal or psychological violence or sexual assault on their current or past intimate partner. Also referred to as battering, partner abuse, relationship violence TERM 76 neglect DEFINITION 76 failure to provide for a child's basic needs - food, clothing, shelter, supervision TERM 77 physical abuse DEFINITION 77 hitting, shaking, burning, kicking inflicts physical injury and harm upon a child TERM 78 sexual child abuse DEFINITION 78 inappropriate sexual behavior with a child for sexual gratification - fondling child's genitals, penetration TERM 79 psychological/emotional maltreatment DEFINITION 79 verbal, mental, or psychological abuse that destroys a child self esteem TERM 80 trafficking DEFINITION 80 the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion of abduction, of fraud or deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person TERM 81 sex trafficking DEFINITION 81 an industry in which children are coerced, kidnapped, sold, or deceived into sexual encounters TERM 82 elder abuse DEFINITION 82 abuse of an elderly person that can include physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial or material exploitation, and neglect TERM 83 signs of an abusive partner DEFINITION 83 intrusion, isolation, possessiveness, jealousy, prone to anger, unknown pasts and respect for women, physical boundaries are all..... TERM 84 intimate partner violence DEFINITION 84 violence between those who are physically and sexually intimate, such as spouses or partners. the violence can encompass physical, economic, sexual, or psychological abuse TERM 85 tension building phase DEFINITION 85 batterer may pick fights, act jealous and possessive, criticize, threaten, drink/do drugs and partner may feel like they're walking on eggshells, try to reason with the batterer, feel anxious or afraid