An Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Correlation Analysis, Quizzes of Psychology

Download An Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Correlation Analysis and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 When there are more than 2 groups, why is ANOVA preferable to t-tests? DEFINITION 1 Instead of doing multiple t-tests for each IV group, you can just do one ANOVA TERM 2 What kind of outcome variables can be analyzed using ANOVA? DEFINITION 2 Interval or ratio TERM 3 what is the null hypothesis? DEFINITION 3 This states that the IVs being tested do not have an effect on the population; all of the population means are equal TERM 4 What is the alternative hypothesis? DEFINITION 4 This states that the IVs being tested do have an effect on the population; at least one population mean is different from the others; there is a treatment effect TERM 5 What are the factors for BETWEEN treatments variance? DEFINITION 5 1) treatment EFFECTS (none when Ho is true2) Chance; individual differents3) experiemental error TERM 6 What are factors for WITHIN treatments variance? DEFINITION 6 1) Chance: individual differences2) experimental error TERM 7 What is the F statistic? DEFINITION 7 -variance between treatments/ variance within treatments(treatment effect +differences due to chance)/(differences due to chance) TERM 8 What is the expected value for F-obtained when the null hypothesis is true? DEFINITION 8 1.00-the treatment effect is zero TERM 9 what does "k" mean? DEFINITION 9 this is the number of IV levels TERM 10 What is df(between)? DEFINITION 10 k-1 TERM 21 describe a negative association DEFINITION 21 two variables move in opposite directions TERM 22 describe no correlation DEFINITION 22 you arent able to see any direction in the data plots TERM 23 Characteristics of the correlation coefficient DEFINITION 23 -unitless-sign tells direction-size tells strength-symmetrical-.1 is small-.3 is moderate-.5 is large-measures linear association-varies from +1 to -1 and 0 indicates no relationship TERM 24 describe what spurious means? DEFINITION 24 -there is a 3rd variable-2 events or variables have no direct casual correlation, yet it may be wrongly inferred that they do, due to the prescence of a 3rd variable TERM 25 what is restricted range DEFINITION 25 this occurs for a variable when only a subject of the values that the variables take on in the population is included in the sample TERM 26 what are outliers? DEFINITION 26 extreme or unusual date points TERM 27 what is the impact of restricted range? DEFINITION 27 this reduces the correlation found in a sample relative to the correlation that exsists in the population TERM 28 what is the impact of outliers? DEFINITION 28 this can either inflate or deflate correlations depending on whether they are extremely high or low scores. TERM 29 what is the least squares solution in regression? DEFINITION 29 -the resulting best fit line-minimize the SS of error TERM 30 what are predictor variables? DEFINITION 30 independent variables (IV) TERM 31 what are criterion variables? DEFINITION 31 outcome or dependent TERM 32 What is the null hypothesis? DEFINITION 32 u1=u2=u3=u4 TERM 33 what is the alternative hypothesis DEFINITION 33 Not all u's are equal TERM 34 Restriction of Range: DEFINITION 34 This occurs for a variable when only a subset of the values that the variable takes on in the population is included in the sameple. TERM 35 when can restriction of range occur? DEFINITION 35 this can occur for either or both variables with measures of association and it can distort the relationship between X and Y- making the relationship observed in the sample quite differentfrpom the overall relationship