Exam 3 Study Guide | Effects of Mass Communication | COM 275, Study notes of Communication

Download Exam 3 Study Guide | Effects of Mass Communication | COM 275 and more Study notes Communication in PDF only on Docsity! Exam #3 Review Sheet This sheet can be used to guide your review for the third exam. It highlights the major things we have talked about so far this semester. It does not tell you exactly what will be on the exam; rather, it is designed to get you thinking about the concepts that will be tested. DISCLAIMER: This guide may not include everything that will be on the exam (Either due to mistake or because it is being written before the exam). Furthermore, not everything that is on the guide will be on the exam. Please keep this in mind, and do NOT use this guide as a crib sheet; it is not intended nor designed to serve that purpose. TIP: As you understand a question, check off the circle/box next to it, and move down the list. Remember, the purpose of the review sheet is to get you thinking about the topics. Be efficient and cover your notes. Refer back to the book lectures/readings – DON’T FORGET TO READ! And don’t spend too much time studying material that you already understand … move on to the harder stuff and come back to the easier stuff. Good luck! Lecture 18: Health Communication -- Chapters 15 O Know the effects of advertising & entertainment on health. o Most (83%) show media use linked to negative health outcomes o Tobacco  Evidence linking media use and negative outcomes is strongest for tobacco o Alcohol  Moderate evidence linking media use and drinking  Studies focus on (1) start of adolescent drinking and (2) increased consumption/drunk driving o Prescription Drugs  Less evidence linking media use and Rx drugs o Food  Mixed evidence linking media use and food O What is the definition of a campaign? o A purpose statement…  … to inform, persuade or motivate behavior changes…  … in a relatively well-defined and large audience…  … generally for non-commercial benefits to either the individual and/or society at large…  … often complemented by interpersonal support O What are the characteristics of successful campaigns and why campaigns fail? o Failing campaign characteristics  Audience selective attention  Barriers to audience targeting perceptions  Unrealistic goals  Unsophisticated audience targeting techniques  Lack of clear criteria for success O Know the risk learning model and the stereotype priming model of health campaigns o Risk learning model  Messages impart new information about health risks, and behaviors that minimize those risks o Stereotype priming model  Messages prime preexisting stereotypes O Know media advocacy and edutainment. o Media advocacy  Public health agent attempts to focus media on health issues to effect social or public policy o Edutainment  Health messages embedded in entertainment Lecture 19: Entertainment – ANGEL (Media Entertainment Effects) O Know the old and new views on entertainment? o Old view – merriment is considered sinful o Modern view – entertainment is an effective and acceptable means of relief. O How does mood management theory explain selective exposure to media? o Assumes that people make entertainment choices based on personal pretenses and needs  Media selection is usually impulsive  Done to satisfy a variety of needs  Often determined by mood o People select programs to relieve their discomfort or extend their pleasure  Programs that are absorbing or inconsistent with mood can distract and alter mood  Programs that are consistent with mood can maintain focus and extend mood O How does the disposition model explain the enjoyment of entertainment? o We enjoy seeing:  Good things happen to people we like  Bad things happen to people we dislike o We hate seeing:  bad things happen to people we like  good things happen to people we dislike O Know the elements characteristic of: drama, humor/comedy, and sports. o Drama – defined as a state, situation, or series of events involving 3 elements  Interesting characters  Conflict  Satisfy resolution o Humor/Comedy – drama containing cues such that it should be taken seriously  50% involved people in relationships O Know the link between sexual content in media and physiological arousal. o Explicit sexual content usually leads to temporary physiological arousal  Explicit sex more arousing for males o Heavy exposure habituates the effect O How does repeated exposure to pornography effect values and attitudes? o Repeated exposure caused desensitization o Exposure to explicit sex caused:  Less satisfaction with real-life partners  More acceptance of premarital sex and extramarital sex  Less desire for marriage, monogamy, and children O What are the effects of erotica on aggression? o Mixed feelings  Provoked people exposed to arousing erotica were more likely to aggress  But pleasing and non-arousing erotica calmed aggressive tendencies o The mixture of sex and violence has potentially harmful effects O Know the four factor syndrome. o Addiction o Escalation o Desensitization o Tendency to imitate Lecture 22: Children & Media -- Chapters 13 & 17 O Understand Piaget’s cognitive development stages. o Sensorimotor (B-2yrs)  Learning language  Discovering physical world  Learn  Objects exist outside themselves  Some things cause other things to happen  Tv: sights/colors and sounds/voices/music o Preoperational (2-7yrs)  Develop logic and reasoning skills  Begin to utilize symbols  Make guesses about motives  Group things in one relationship  Tv: short stories, cartoons, characters o Concrete operational (7-11yrs)  Classification skills  Mental recreations  Perspective taking  Tv: ½ hour and hour shows, story-lines, humor, simple problem-solution o Formal operation (11yrs-D)  Abstract thinking  Tv: mystery, crime stories, complex social problems, syfy, relationships O Understand Kolhberg’s moral development stages. o Pre-Conventional  Based on punishment/reward  Obedience and punishment orientation  Self-interest orientation o Conventional  Acceptance of society’s conventions concerning right and wrong  E.g. being good and caring, following rules, duty to society  Interpersonal accord and conformity  Authority and social-order maintaining orientation o Post-conventional  Ignoring convention and living by ones own ethical principles  Based on a sense of universal ethics that go beyond simple rules  Social contract orientation  Universal ethical principles O What do children get from television? o Infants  Language, objects, tasks o Toddlers  Language, behavior, form over content o Grade schoolers  Advertising, stories, roles o Teens  Social relations, sexuality O What is the displacement hypothesis? o Media use reduces chance of doing something else o Activities at and away from home compete with tv O What do children learn from TV? o Occupations o Fashion o Politics/world o Social relationships Lecture 23: Video Games -- Chapter 18 O What are the modern technology features found in video games? o High speed online gaming o Motion input and IR tracking o Wireless controllers, touch screens & cameras o Glasses free 3D and augmented reality O What does research show about the effects of video games on aggression o Short-term effects – prime aggression-related scripts o Longitudinal data – repeated exposure can  aggression  Empathy and helping behaviors  Dehumanization  Desensitization O What are the criticisms of research on violent video games o Alleged publisher bias o Major flaws in video game effects studies o Downward spiral model  Aggressive players seek out violent games to satisfy needs O Know the risks for problematic behavior associated with video game play and addiction. o Heavy users have more online social support o But also have less real-world support; more stress, anxiety O Know how video games can accomplish effective teaching goals o Students challenged to complete task/level o Game difficulty adjusted to player knowledge o Interactive simulation advantages  Rehearsed behavior  learning Lecture 24: Internet & Mobile Communication -- Chapter 19 & 20 O What are the main uses of social network sites and the traditional uses of blogs? o Social network sites  Main use is focused on old relationships  Other typical uses  Collect information  Reduce stress  Record daily events o Traditional uses of blogs  Document life events  Commentary and opinions  Express deeply felt emotions  Articulate ideas through writing  Create and maintain community forums O What are the motivations of Twitter users? o Information source – large group of followers o Information seeker – users log on but do not post o Friends – connections with people actually know O What social capital resources are accrued (through Internet use) by individuals in a network? o Bridging – resources from weak friendship ties (e.g., information) o Bonding – resources from close ties (e.g., emotional support) o Maintained – resources from staying connected to old networks O What are mobile communication’s effects on social coordination? o Scheduling o Logistics o Ongoing refinement