Download Exam 3 Study Guide for Biogeography | GEOS 438 and more Exams Geology in PDF only on Docsity! BIOGEOGRAPHY ECOL/GEOG/GEOS 438/538 - EXAMPLES: Exam 3 Pleistocene Biogeography What were the biogeographic effects of transition from the last ice age to the current interglacial? Words & short answers Holocene Packrat Middens Pleistocene How much lower was the ocean during the last full glacial How much colder was the planet during the last full glacial How did vegetation respond to postglacial warming Latitudinally Altitudinally Current Distributions & Cladistics Produce the most parsimonious cladogram for the following monophyletic group. Label apomorphies, symapomorphies, and nodes. Species 0 is the most primitive member of the group. species 0 Red tailed horned furry hoofed hands species 1 Green tailed horned furry hoofed hands species 2 Green tailless horned furry clawed hands species 3 Green tailless hornless feathered hoofed wings species 4 Green tailless hornless feathered hoofed hands Explain and give an example of “simple progression.” Words & short answers apomorphic cladogram Croizat monophyletic panbiogeography plesiomorphic polyphyletic synapomorphic Biotic Patterns & Biotic Exchange After Pliocene Interchange Generic-level diversity of N. America Mammals _________ After Pliocene Interchange Generic-level diversity of S. America Mammals _________ As the number of native species increases the success of invading species ________ Bergman's Rule Brown's Rule K-selection Large animals have ____ ranges Local species richness increases at a ____ than regional species richness Rapoport's Shape Rule Rapoport's Size Rule r-selection 1 Roots of Current Distributions What are two differences between Mammal biotic regions and Flowering plant biotic regions, and what is one reason for each difference. Why does the Cape Flora have so many endemics? Why are there no great Apes in the New world (other than humans) Why is the Australian Fauna depauperate ? What happened to the mid-Tertiary land bridge between Greenland and Europe (two effects) Extinction & Speciation Allopatric Speciation Aneuploidy Background Extinction Biological Species Chronospecies Cladogenesis Disruptive Selection Evolutionary Species Examples of recent extinctions Founder effect Gradualistic Mass Extinction Parapatric Speciation Phylogenetic Species Polyploidy Polytypic Species Punctuated Reticulate Species Selection Sympatric Speciation Vicariant Isolation Dispersal Compare and contrast dispersalist and extensionist viewpoints of biogeography. active dispersal diffusion jump dispersal pagile parthenogenetic passive dispersal phoresy propagule secular migration vagile volant 2
