Exam 3 Study Guide - Introduction to Geography | GEOG 100, Study notes of Human Geography

Download Exam 3 Study Guide - Introduction to Geography | GEOG 100 and more Study notes Human Geography in PDF only on Docsity! Geography Unit 3 11/29/2011
Lecture 12 culture and migration
What is culture?  Language  Religion  Learned behavior patterns of a group
Cultural landscape- distinct and characteristic imprint on the land made by a culture
Diffusion - spread of a culture through a movement of people
Acculturation - process where a culture substantially changes through interaction with another culture (religion, music)
Cultural traits are attributes of culture like:  Language  Religion  Tradition  Food  Customs  Music
Migration - the movement from one place to another whether it is forced, internal, international, or voluntary
Emigration - a move from a particular location
Immigration - a move to another location
Refugee - migrant who lives outside their country but is unable or unwilling to return because of fear or persecution due to  Race  Religion  Nationality  Membership to a particular social group  Political opinion
This definition does not include civil war or economic hardship or environmental hardship.
The only country that can show ID and automatically get refugee is Cuba.
Refugees move without any tangible property they can carry.
Most refugees make their “first step” on foot.
Move without official documents.
Displaced person - someone who has been forced to leave their home but has not crossed an international border
Transmigration - travel between host and home and bringing goods, cultural traits, and ideas, do not necessarily need to travel
*most common type is rural-> urban
Impact of migration on rich countries?  Provides inexpensive labor  Help replace workforce  Help keep inflation low  BUT many are concerned about the impact
 Africa/Asia
Increase urbanization in developed world resulted in…  Created slums and squatter settlements  Overcrowding in slums and squatter settlement  Unemployment and underemployment  Excessive metropolitan areas  Poverty  Inadequate transportation system  Inadequate infrastructure- physical and social (school healthcare..)  Environmental degradation  Migration  Westernization vs. local culture (Dubai)  Loss of agriculture land  Crime
Metropolitan Area- a large functional entity, several urbanized areas, operating as coherent economic whole.
Conurbation- aggregation (total) multiple urban areas to create metro areas
Megalopolitan unification- Boston NY Philly like conurbation but on a different scale.
Urbanization- is the percentage of a country's population who live in urban areas. Urban areas generally means in towns and cities of 2,500 or more people.
Primate City- dominant city in country (King Kong)  Admin, political, economic  No primate city in US  No primate city in Brazil  LDCs more likely to have primate cities
Favela- squatter settlements  Self-help construction due to lack of government involvement  Brazil has the worst income disparity Geography Unit 3 11/29/2011 0 Lecture 14 Urban Land Use 
Sjoberg’s preconditions for city life  Favorable ecological base (river, arable land, climate)  Advanced technology  Complex forms of special organization
World Cities  Ancient Rome: infrastructure made it unique (invention of agriculture) SPATIALLY INTERDEPENDENT SOCIETY  Ancient Athens: was able to expand the empire SPATIALLY INTERDEPENDENT SOCIETY  Medieval World Cities: spatially restricted, must be self-sufficient
Urban Land Use

CBD=Downtown
Density and intensity increase as you get closer to CBD
As you get close to the CBD price for land increases
Models of Urban Form  Concentric Zone Model- Rings o 1st: CBD o 2nd: Zone of transition o 3rd: Zone of workers homes o 4th and 5th: Areas of middle class and wealthy o Ex. Chicago o Ex. San Francisco  South East Asia Port Model o Most SE Asian port cities are the product of Western influence so they reflect Western Design forms
Culture in Urban Models  Contrasts North American models
Growth of suburbs  US phenomenon due to prosperity  Early suburbs o Preference for rural living o Henry ford  Government policies o FHA loan o Tax incentives o Returning veterans
Geography Unit 3 11/29/2011
Lecture 15- Central Place Theory
Urban Theories and Models  Central Place Theory  Urban Heirarchy  Rank Size Rule  Gravity Model
4 major types of employment  primary  secondary  tertiary  quaternary
impact of immigration stages
First: National 1789-1890 east  west (initial settlement)  characteristics: European settlers and African slaves, 1870-1919 net immigration 50% of US population Second: Regional 1890-1945 rural  urban (urbanization)  characteristics: mechanization of agriculture, within region population shifts
Third: Metro 1945-1970 inner city  suburbs  Characteristics: residential and later job shifts
Fourth: Regional and Metro 1970-199? North South (gentrification)  Characteristics: work shifts (rust belt  sun belt), inner city investments in offices and upscale residential units, upscale suburban office and shopping
City building era