Glossary of Legal Terms and Concepts: Criminal Justice, Juvenile Law, and Cybersecurity, Quizzes of Criminal Justice

Download Glossary of Legal Terms and Concepts: Criminal Justice, Juvenile Law, and Cybersecurity and more Quizzes Criminal Justice in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Parens patriae DEFINITION 1 latin term meaning father of his country. according to this legal philosophy, the government is the guardian of everyone who has a disability, especially children, and has a legal duty to act in their best interests until they reach the age of majority TERM 2 poor laws DEFINITION 2 17th century laws in england that bound out vagrants and abandoned children as indentured servants to masters TERM 3 child savers DEFINITION 3 later 19th century reformers in america who developed programs for troubled youths and influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice system TERM 4 juvenile court DEFINITION 4 a court that has original jurisdiction over persons defined by statue as juveniles and alleged to be delinquents or status offenders TERM 5 juvenile delinquency DEFINITION 5 participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit TERM 6 status offender DEFINITION 6 a juvenile who engages in behavior legally forbidden to minors, such as running away truancy, or incorrigiblity TERM 7 detention DEFINITION 7 temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires secure custody, pending court disposition TERM 8 waiver (juvenile) DEFINITION 8 a practice in which the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction over a juvenile and transfers the case to adult criminal court for trial TERM 9 transfer hearing DEFINITION 9 hearing in which a decision is made to waive a juvenile to the criminal court. waiver decisions are based on such criteria as the child's age, her or his prior offense history, and the nature of the offense TERM 10 initial appearance DEFINITION 10 juvenile's first appearance before the juvenile court judge, in which the charges are reviewed and an effort is made to settle the case without a trial TERM 21 ticking bomb scenario DEFINITION 21 a hypothetical case that involves the question, would it be permissible in order to save thousands of lives, to torture someone who was known to have a planted a bomb somewhere TERM 22 cyber crime DEFINITION 22 theft and destruction of information, resources, or funds via computers, computer networks, or the internet TERM 23 cyber theft DEFINITION 23 use of computer networks for criminal profits, illegal copyright infringement, identity theft, and internet securities fraud are examples of cyber theft TERM 24 cyber vandalism DEFINITION 24 malicious attacks aimed at disrupting, defacing, and destroying technology TERM 25 cyber terrorism DEFINITION 25 politically motivated attacks designed to compromise the electronic infrastructure of the enemy and to disrupt its economy TERM 26 denial of service attack DEFINITION 26 extorting money from an internet service user by threatening to prevent the user having access to the service TERM 27 warez DEFINITION 27 copyrighted software illegally downloaded and sold by organized groups without license to do so TERM 28 identity theft DEFINITION 28 using the internet to steal someone's identity and impersonate the victim in order to conduct illicit transactions, such as committing fraud using the victim's name and identity TERM 29 phishing DEFINITION 29 known as carding and spoofing, phishing consists of illegally acquiring personal information, such as bank passwords and credit card numbers, by masquerading as a turstworthy person or business in what appears to be an official electronic communication TERM 30 etailing fraud DEFINITION 30 using the internet to illegally buy or sell merchandise