Glossary of Evolutionary Biology Terms, Quizzes of Theory of Evolution

Download Glossary of Evolutionary Biology Terms and more Quizzes Theory of Evolution in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 phylogenetic discordance DEFINITION 1 incomplete lineage sortingdissociation of 2 charactersitics in members of a popcan result from introgression/ hybridization/ incomplete lineage TERM 2 reinforcement DEFINITION 2 natural selection facilitating species differentiation TERM 3 character displacement DEFINITION 3 differences among similar species are greater in regions where the species overlap but are min when they do not TERM 4 sister species DEFINITION 4 closest relative on tree= common ancestor TERM 5 sibling species DEFINITION 5 look alike- don't reproducereproductively isolatedseparate under BSC TERM 6 fossil dating methods DEFINITION 6 relative positionsindex species- age at various layersradioactive dating TERM 7 force for radiation of lineages DEFINITION 7 pre-adaptations- for niches that become availableevolve new innovations= exploit already available nichesextinction of limiting taxa= dinosaur extinction leads to mammalian radiation TERM 8 background extinction DEFINITION 8 stead/ low frequency of loss TERM 9 mass extinction DEFINITION 9 widespread/ rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth TERM 10 concerted evolution DEFINITION 10 DNA family copy number evolve as units rather than single repeats- amplication= copy # evolves- distribution= copies relocated by TE- homogenization= keeps copies similarDNA elements= copy/ paste TERM 21 hypos for homo distribution DEFINITION 21 multiregional- reticulation is important- high degree of introgression- starts africa-- spreads- gene exchange- erectus- spread- evolutionreplacement- "out of Africa"- erectus- evolution- spread- little introgression- evolution in Africa TERM 22 cultural evolution DEFINITION 22 changes in behavior based upon learned infonot genetic changesvertical= older- youngerhorizontal= peer- peerblended inheritance/ reticulated (web-like) TERM 23 lamarckian DEFINITION 23 inheritance of acquired characters TERM 24 autapomorphies DEFINITION 24 human specific traitsthumbspinebrain sizeteeth/ jaw sizelanguage TERM 25 epistatic DEFINITION 25 mutation of one gene masks pheno of anothereffects of 1 gene depends on presence of modifier genes TERM 26 barriers DEFINITION 26 epistasisecologicalgamete comphybrid viability/ fertility TERM 27 parthenogensis DEFINITION 27 asexual reproduction- offspring arise from unfertilized eggagamic species complex TERM 28 gynogenesis DEFINITION 28 egg is activated by sperm- but no fusion of gametesclones female only TERM 29 microspecies DEFINITION 29 plants that reproduce using only 1 parent TERM 30 vegetative reproduction DEFINITION 30 asexualorganisms arise w/ out production of seeds/ spores TERM 31 sensu lato DEFINITION 31 hybrid lineage formation TERM 32 hybridogenesis DEFINITION 32 gametes fuse but still only clone of mothermale gametes are discarded