Mental Health Disorders and Schizophrenia: Definitions, Prevalence, and Treatments, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Mental Health Disorders and Schizophrenia: Definitions, Prevalence, and Treatments and more Quizzes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Why is it hard to define boundaries between normality and psychopathology in sexual variants? DEFINITION 1 -sexual behavior acceptance changes over time and can differ dramatically culture to culture-most people think their standards/beliefs are correct-norms and behavior intolerant of nonconformity TERM 2 How has the psychiatric view of homosexuality changed over time? DEFINITION 2 -no longer a mental illness (removed from DSM)- homosexuals have higher rates of mental illnesses and substance abuse (most likely due to traumatic events related to homosexuality) TERM 3 transsexualism DEFINITION 3 -occurs in adults with gender dysphoria who want to change their sex-one identifies as the other sex TERM 4 gender DEFINITION 4 -way in which one defines and acts as female, male, or in- between -social and cultural construct TERM 5 sex DEFINITION 5 determined by genes, hormones, and physical appearance TERM 6 sexual orientation DEFINITION 6 sex you find emotionally/romantically/erotically attractive TERM 7 gender dysphoria DEFINITION 7 -individual feels that their gender and sex don't match- independent of sexual orientation (can be attracted to same or opp sex) TERM 8 delayed ejaculation DEFINITION 8 -male can't ejaculate-psychological and physical causes TERM 9 erectile disorder DEFINITION 9 -inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for successful intercourse-diagnosed only when difficulties due to psychogenic or combo with medical factors TERM 10 premature (early) ejaculation DEFINITION 10 -men reach orgasm much earlier than they and their partners find satisfying TERM 21 sexual masochism DEFINITION 21 sexual arousal/attraction when receiving pain during sex TERM 22 sexual sadism DEFINITION 22 sexual arousal/attraction when inflicting pain during sex TERM 23 gender dysphoria treatment DEFINITION 23 childhood -treat unhappiness and co-occurring problems (anxiety, depression, peer rejection/victimization) -reduce corss-dressing in situations in which child has interpersonal problemsadults -surgical reassignment TERM 24 how common is sexual dysfunction? DEFINITION 24 -men: 31%-women: 43% TERM 25 sexual response cycle phases DEFINITION 25 1. desire phase - sexual interest or desire (fantasies)2. excitement phase - subjective sense of sexual pleasure and increased blood flow to genitalia3. orgasm phase - sexual pleasure peaks4. resolution phase - relaxation and sense of well-being TERM 26 what's the gender distribution of individuals with pedophilia? DEFINITION 26 majority of offenders are male TERM 27 what are the goals of psychological/psychosocial treatments for paraphilias? DEFINITION 27 -modify patterns of sexual arousal, cognitions, and social behavior-reduce sexual drive TERM 28 schizophrenia DEFINITION 28 -2+: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms-low level of functioning in 1+: work, interpersonal relations, or self-care TERM 29 brief psychotic disorder DEFINITION 29 -sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, disorganized speech/behavior, and/or catatonic behavior-episode duration > 1 day, < 1 month-triggered by stress-return to former level of functioning after episode TERM 30 schizophreniform disorder DEFINITION 30 -similar to schizophrenia but only 1-6 mo duration- schizophrenia-like psychoses that last at least 1 mo, but less than 6 mo-better prognosis than for schizophrenia TERM 31 schizoaffective disorder DEFINITION 31 -hybrid of schizophrenia and mood disorder-major depressive episode or manic episode that occurs with symptoms of schizophrenia-at least 2 week period of only delusions or hallucinations-mood symptoms present for > 50% of the total duration of illness TERM 32 delusional disorder DEFINITION 32 -experiencing delusion symptoms, but otherwise normal behavior-presence of 1+ delusions with a duration of at least 1 mo-overall functioning is not markedly impairedbehavior is not obviously bizarre or odd TERM 33 delusion DEFINITION 33 -erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite clear and contradictory evidence-disturbance in content of thought TERM 34 hallucination DEFINITION 34 -sensory experience that seems real but occurs in the absence of any external perceptual stimulus-can occur in any of the senses (auditory then visual most common)- emotional involvement TERM 35 disorganized speech DEFINITION 35 -external manifestation of thought form-failure to make sense despite conforming to semantic and syntactic rules - ex. derailment and neologisms-ex. word salad TERM 46 risk factors of schizophrenia DEFINITION 46 Etiology-molecular genetics (unlikely it's linked to only one gene)-neurotransmitters-prenatal factors-psychosocial risk factors TERM 47 dopamine hypothesis DEFINITION 47 -theory that a cause of schizophrenia is the presence of too much dopamine int he neural synapses-serotonin may also be related to negative symptom (similar to depression)-risk factor of schizophrenia TERM 48 prenatal factors of schizophrenia DEFINITION 48 -prenatal viral infection-rhesus incompatibility-early nutritional deficiency-birth complications-maternal stress TERM 49 psychological risk factors DEFINITION 49 -psychosocial risk factors-urban living, immigration, cannabis abuse TERM 50 what neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia? DEFINITION 50 -dopamine hypothesis:-amphetamines and L-DOPA can lead to or women brain-serotonin TERM 51 diathesis-stress model DEFINITION 51 -genetic factors and prenatal and prenatal events --> brain vulnerability --(stress and developmental football) -- >psychosis TERM 52 clinical outcome for schizophrenia DEFINITION 52 -38% of people diagnosed function well 15-25 years-long term institutionalization is necessary for about 12%-33% show continued signs of illness, usually with prominent negative symptoms-reduce life expectancy TERM 53 schizophrenia treatment: meds DEFINITION 53 -antipsychotics: block dopamine receptors at neuron receptor sites -reduce (+) symptoms-typical antipsychotics: reduce (+) symtoms of schizophrenia but have serious side effects (tardive dyskinesia)-atypical antispychotics: treat (+) symptoms and less likely to have tardive dyskinesia BUT have other side effects TERM 54 erotomania DEFINITION 54 -theme of delusion involves great love for a person-subtype of delusional disorder TERM 55 schizophrenia treatment: psychosocial DEFINITION 55 -used in conj with meds-psychoeducation: reduce familial distress and equip them to work effectively with the patient-CBT: decrease intensity of (+) symptoms, reduce relapse, improve social funct - edu: psychotic symptoms, explore beliefs, coping, improving self- esteem -reality test-social skills training and support employment- cognitive remediation: improve neurocog skills --> improve funct TERM 56 tardive dyskinesia DEFINITION 56 -involuntary movements of lips, tongue, hands, and/or neck TERM 57 neurocognitive disorders DEFINITION 57 -loss of cognitive ability that is presumed to be caused by brain damage or disease-result in more hospital admissions than any other geriatric condition TERM 58 major neurocog disorder DEFINITION 58 -dementia-significant cog decline from previous level of performance in 1+ cog domains (complex attention, exec func, learning and memory, lang, perceptual-motor or social cogn)-gradual for older people, sudden for younger people(head injuries) TERM 59 impact of major neuro disorder DEFINITION 59 -social withdrawal-depression and anxiety-coexisting medical conditions common-decreased life expectancy-cognitive impairments increase, patients need help making decisions regarding health care TERM 60 types of neurocog disorder DEFINITION 60 -Major-mild-delirium-HIV-associated-vasuclar dementia- amnestic disorder TERM 71 retrograde amnesia DEFINITION 71 don't remember past especially right before accident TERM 72 anterograde amnesia DEFINITION 72 -prevent you from making new memories-more disruptive - hard to function in daily life TERM 73 why's it so important to take concussions seriously? DEFINITION 73 -symptoms could occur several days after injury-brain is vulnerable for re-injury after initial injury TERM 74 neurocog disorder treatment DEFINITION 74 -meds depending on type-treat secondary symptoms since comorbidity is common (ex. depression)-supportive psychotherapy-behavioral therapy -ex. improve self-care skills, reduce disruptive behaviors TERM 75 benefits of institutionalization DEFINITION 75 not risk of harming self or others (civil commitment) TERM 76 negatives of institutionalization DEFINITION 76 -breaks/damages trust between therapist and client-could be more harmful if instiutionalized when didn't need to be TERM 77 involuntary commitment DEFINITION 77 -forced to a hospital or institution-being mentally ill is not sufficient reasoning, has to be danger to self and others TERM 78 Tarasoff Case DEFINITION 78 -therapist and University of Cali sued for not disclosing information to targeted student that a student who was receiving treatment was at risk for harming another student (ended up killing her) -warned police though-result: therapists have a duty to warn when a person in therapy discloses an intent to harm an identifiable other TERM 79 privacy DEFINITION 79 right of the individual who alone can give it away TERM 80 confidentiality DEFINITION 80 agreement between 2 parities that private info revealed during therapy will not be discussed TERM 81 privilege DEFINITION 81 legal term that prevents a therapist from revealing confidential info during legal proceedings TERM 82 examples when breaking confidentiality is necessary DEFINITION 82 -billing health insurance companies-legal cases-civil commitment hearings - danger to self or others-abuse of child, elderly person, or disabled person-if grad student is conducting therapy, supervisor has to know cases-parent has right to know if child is a patient TERM 83 not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) DEFINITION 83 people can't be held fully responsible for their actions if they were so mentally incapacitated at the time of the acts that they couldn't conform to the rules of society TERM 84 successful NGRI characteristics DEFINITION 84 -diagnosed with major mental disorder-female defendant- violent crime other than murder-history of prior hospitalizations TERM 85 NGRI prevalence in cases DEFINITION 85 -not common-fewer than 1 in 100 defendants use plea-only 20% successful