Social Sciences Terminology: Marriage, Family, Economy, and Politics, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Social Sciences Terminology: Marriage, Family, Economy, and Politics and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 endogamy DEFINITION 1 marriage to someone within ones social group (class) TERM 2 exogamy DEFINITION 2 marriage to someone outside ones social group TERM 3 monogamy DEFINITION 3 the practice of having one sexual partner or spouse at one time TERM 4 polygamy DEFINITION 4 the practice of having more than one sexual partner or spouse at one time TERM 5 polyandry DEFINITION 5 the practice of having multiple husbands simultaneously TERM 6 polygyny DEFINITION 6 the practice of having multiple wives simultaneously TERM 7 nuclear family DEFINITION 7 family consisting of mother father and children TERM 8 extended family DEFINITION 8 kin networks that extend outside or beyond the nuclear family TERM 9 cohabitation DEFINITION 9 living together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning TERM 10 kinship networks DEFINITION 10 strings of relationships between people related by blood and co residence (marriage) TERM 21 cultural capital DEFINITION 21 the symbolic and interactional resources that people use to their advantage in various situations TERM 22 stereotype threat DEFINITION 22 when members of a negatively stereotyped group are placed in a situation where they fear they may confirm those stereotypes TERM 23 resource dilution model DEFINITION 23 hypothesis stating that parental resources are finite and that each additional child gets a smaller amount of them TERM 24 capitalism DEFINITION 24 an economic system in which property and goods are primarily privately owned investments are determined by private decisions and prices production and the distribution of goods are determined primarily by competition in an unfettered marketplace TERM 25 feudalism DEFINITION 25 a precapitalist economic system characterized by presence of lords, vassals, serfs, and fiefs TERM 26 agricultural revolution DEFINITION 26 the period around 1700 marked by the introduction of new technologies that increased food output in farm production TERM 27 corporation DEFINITION 27 a legal entity unto itself that has a legal personhood distinct from that of its members namely its owners and shareholders TERM 28 alienation DEFINITION 28 a condition in which people are dominated by forces of their own creation that then confront them as alien powers according to marx the basic state of being in a capitalist society TERM 29 socialism DEFINITION 29 an economic system in which most or all of the needs of the population are met through nonmarket methods or distribution TERM 30 communism DEFINITION 30 political ideology of a classless society in which the means of production are shared through a state of ownership and in which rewards are tied not to productivity but to need TERM 31 family wage DEFINITION 31 a wage paid to male workers sufficient to support a dependent wife and children TERM 32 service sector DEFINITION 32 the section of the economy that involves providing intangible services TERM 33 monopoly DEFINITION 33 the form of business that occurs when one seller of a good or service dominates the market to the exclusion of others potentially leading to zero competition TERM 34 oligopoly DEFINITION 34 the economic condition that exists when a handful of firms effectively control a particular market TERM 35 offshoring DEFINITION 35 business decision to move all or part of a companys operations abroad to minimize costs q TERM 46 Taylorism DEFINITION 46 the methods of labor management introduced by fredrick taylor TERM 47 meritocracy DEFINITION 47 a society that assigns social power and economic rewards on achievement not ascribed or favoritism TERM 48 milgram experiment DEFINITION 48 an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley milgram to see how people obey authority TERM 49 power DEFINITION 49 the ability to carry out ones own will despite resistance TERM 50 domination DEFINITION 50 the probability that a command with specific content will be obeyed by a giver group of people TERM 51 coercion DEFINITION 51 the use of force to get others to do what you want TERM 52 paradox of authority DEFINITION 52 although the states authority derives from the implicit threat of physical force resorting to physical force resorting to physical coercion strips the state of all legitimate authority TERM 53 international state system DEFINITION 53 a system in which each state is recognized as territorially sovereign by fellow states TERM 54 welfare state DEFINITION 54 system in which the state is responsible for the well being of its citizens TERM 55 citizenship rights DEFINITION 55 the legal rights to each law abiding citizen in a nation state TERM 56 civil rights DEFINITION 56 the rights guaranteeing a citizens personal freedom from interference