Download Understanding Cerebral Palsy: Definition, Causes, Types, and Management and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What is Cerebral Palsy DEFINITION 1 chronic, lifelong condition syndrome of motor impairment, with posture and movement disorder TERM 2 What the cause or CP DEFINITION 2 results form brain abnormalities early in life (prenatal, perinatal, first few postnatal years) non progressive disorder ranges in severity fine vs. gross motor control uncontrolled writhing hand motions severely impaired speech TERM 3 Ranges in severity DEFINITION 3 fine vs. gross motor control uncontrolled writhing hand motions severely impaired speech TERM 4 Prevalence: DEFINITION 4 500,000 in US belief that prevalence increase do to increase preterm baby survival Typically diagnosed by 2 (almost always by 4) Often also have sensory and cognitive deficits, seizures are very common TERM 5 Incidence: DEFINITION 5 1 in 1000 newborns (or 4000 new cases each year) TERM 6 Etiology (what is cause CP?) DEFINITION 6 Most cases are congenital (75% - 90%) even though: Not detected for many months Particular causes are unknown Prenatal events: Maternal infections, exposure to toxins, Rh incompatibility, hyperthyroidism, severe proteinuria, prematurity, low birth weight During delivery: Hypoxia/anoxia/asphyxia, long delays in labor, breech presentation, use of instruments (e.g., forceps) Postnatal events (10% - 25%) Brain injury (e.g., shaken baby syndrome), illness, infections, (e.g., meningitis) TERM 7 Prevention DEFINITION 7 Often causes are unknown - primary prevention limited Good prenatal care (e.g., education for mothers) Good postnatal care: phototherapy for jaundice injections for Rh incompatibility reduction in child abuse through education increase safety (seat-belts, helmets) vaccinations (rubella) TERM 8 Types of CP DEFINITION 8 Spastic CP (70-80%) Athetoid CP (aka dyskinetic CP; 10-20%) Ataxic CP (rare, 5-10%) Hypotonic CP (rare) Mixed types (frequent) TERM 9 1. Spastic CP DEFINITION 9 70-80% muscles permanently contracted (hypertonicity) poor control over use of limbs (walking, reaching, sitting) range: persistent tremor v. scissors gait TERM 10 2. Athetoid CP DEFINITION 10 aka dyskinetic CP; 10-20% continuous, slow, uncontrolled, writhing movements of legs, feet, hands, arms, sometimes facial muscles (including tongue) uncontrolled facial grimacing, drooling dysarthria: severe speech difficulties hearing impairment ambulatory in most cases independent self-care is difficult TERM 21 Triplegia: DEFINITION 21 three limbs (both legs and an arm) TERM 22 Paraplegia: DEFINITION 22 only legs (rare) TERM 23 Diplegia DEFINITION 23 both arms and both legs TERM 24 Quadriplegia: DEFINITION 24 entire body (arms, legs, trunk) TERM 25 Associated Disorders DEFINITION 25 Intellectual disabilities (2/3) Spastic quadriplegia cases more likely Nutrition issues/ failure to thrive Seizures (1/2) - range in type Sensory problems (vision, hearing, speech) Incontinence Contracture: shortened muscles an tendons, leading muscles to become rigidly fixed in abnormal positions TERM 26 Contracture: DEFINITION 26 shortened muscles and tendons, leading muscles to become rigidly fixed in abnormal positions TERM 27 Management DEFINITION 27 No cure - comprehensive treatment planningMultidisciplinary team: Physicians, pediatric neurologist, orthopedist PT, OT, Speech Social Worker Psychologist/behavior analyst Educators Parents/family involvement Assistive technology: Simple (spoons with built-up handles) v. high-tech (for voice) output)
