Download Exam One | CSES 4214 - Soil Fertility and Management and more Quizzes Soil Mechanics and Foundations in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What are the essential plant nutrients? DEFINITION 1 Macro- carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesiumMicro- iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, nickelOther- sodium, silicon, cobalt, vanadium TERM 2 What makes an element essential? DEFINITION 2 A nutrient is essential if it is functional in plant metabolism and needed for plant growth. TERM 3 C, H, O DEFINITION 3 main structural components-- carbohydratesnon-metals macro TERM 4 Nitrogen DEFINITION 4 make up amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins, chlorophyllnon- metals TERM 5 Phosphorus DEFINITION 5 phospholipids, ATPnon-metalmacro TERM 6 K, Cl DEFINITION 6 osmotic regulationK-metal, macroCl-non-metal, micro TERM 7 Sulfur DEFINITION 7 proteinsnon-metalmacro TERM 8 Calcium DEFINITION 8 strengthens cell wallsmetalmacro TERM 9 Magnesium DEFINITION 9 chlorophyllmetalmacro TERM 10 Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn DEFINITION 10 enzyme regulation, electron transfertransition metalsmicro TERM 21 Convert: pounds to kilograms DEFINITION 21 1kg=2.21lb TERM 22 Convert: lb/ac to kg/ha DEFINITION 22 1lb/ac=1.12kg/ha TERM 23 What determines maximum plant yield? DEFINITION 23 genetic potential TERM 24 Why is actual yield usually below genetic potential? DEFINITION 24 actual yield is less than genetic potential b/c:plant inefficienciesstressors TERM 25 Growth Curve and how can you use it? DEFINITION 25 "S" shaped curvehelps you figure out when to apply nutrients to the crop TERM 26 Response curve and how can you use it? DEFINITION 26 demonstrates point at which additional units of input will not increase yield at a rate which is economically feasiblepoints on curve: max. yield, max. profit yield TERM 27 adverse outcomes from excessive nutrient use? DEFINITION 27 too much nutrient can damage yield, cause air pollution, water pollution, TERM 28 What is a nutrient budget? Usefulness? DEFINITION 28 help determine where nutrient application rates are in comparison with crop removalprovide a "baseline" and help determine if nutrients are being mined from the soil TERM 29 "Law of the Minimum" DEFINITION 29 crop yield is limited by the most limiting factoruses barrel metaphor TERM 30 Outcomes other than plant yield DEFINITION 30 quality (esp. fruit) TERM 31 root cap DEFINITION 31 protects the meristemsecretes mucigelinitiates symbiotic relationships TERM 32 elongation zone DEFINITION 32 cells lengthen and push through soil TERM 33 maturation zone DEFINITION 33 cells become specialized TERM 34 root hairs DEFINITION 34 increase surface area, assist in nutrient and water collectionsingle cell extensions of epidermal cellsproduced in maturation zonesite of infection by pathogens, N fixing bacteria, mycorrhizae2/3 of surface area of root0.01-0.05mm in diameter TERM 35 epidermis DEFINITION 35 outside layer of cell wall
