Key Concepts in Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Quizzes of Geology

Download Key Concepts in Astronomy and Earth Sciences and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 True or False: It is possible to test all scientific theories using observations of nature. DEFINITION 1 true TERM 2 Most Ancient Greek thinkers believed in a geocentric universe. This idea.. DEFINITION 2 was dominant in Europe throughout the Middle Ages, until the Renaissance. TERM 3 Who was the first person to obtain an accurate estimate of the circumference of the Earth? DEFINITION 3 Eratosthenes TERM 4 Stellar Parallax DEFINITION 4 a nearby star's apparent shift in position with respect to more distant stars TERM 5 Who is responsible for the Expanding Universe Theory? DEFINITION 5 Edwin Hubble and Albert Einstein TERM 6 The Big Bang happened when? DEFINITION 6 10 to 20 billion years ago TERM 7 What are the most abundant elements in the Sun? DEFINITION 7 Hydrogen and Helium TERM 8 How old is the Sun? DEFINITION 8 about 5 billion years old TERM 9 Solar Wind DEFINITION 9 made the inner planets more dense than the outer planets TERM 10 What is the densest planet in our solar system? DEFINITION 10 Earth TERM 21 What are the parts of the Mantle? DEFINITION 21 Low velocity zoneasthenospheretransition zone TERM 22 Lithosphere DEFINITION 22 made up of crust and part of the Upper Mantle TERM 23 True of False: the lower mantle cannot flow. DEFINITION 23 false: the lower mantle can flow TERM 24 Alfred Wegener proposed that the continents were... DEFINITION 24 a single continent 200 million years ago TERM 25 Why wasn't Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift accepted? DEFINITION 25 he could not explain how the continents could drift through the ocean basins TERM 26 What did Wegener use to test and refine his hypothesis of continental drift? DEFINITION 26 the fit of the coastlines of South American and AfricaLocations of past glaciationsDistribution of fossil animals and plants TERM 27 what do the magnetic dipoles in a rock sample record? DEFINITION 27 the direction of the Earth's Main Field lines when the rock last cooled below the Curie point. TERM 28 Declination DEFINITION 28 the difference between the horizontal direction in which a compass needle points and the horizontal direction to the North pole of the Earth's rotation axis TERM 29 Why wouldn't paleomagnetic poles from rock samples on different continents coincide? DEFINITION 29 the continents drift TERM 30 where is the youngest oceanic lithosphere? DEFINITION 30 along the Mid-Ocean Ridges TERM 31 Regions of the seafloor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed when... DEFINITION 31 the Earth's main field had normal polarity TERM 32 who introduced the Sea-Floor Spreading hypothesis? DEFINITION 32 Harry Hess TERM 33 The theory of plate tectonics holds that... DEFINITION 33 the lithosphere is composed of many rigid plates that move relative to one another TERM 34 True or False: all oceanic lithosphere is older than 300 million years. DEFINITION 34 False TERM 35 Where is new oceanic lithosphere is created? DEFINITION 35 at the Mid Ocean ridges TERM 46 The mineral halite has which type of crystal lattice symmetry? DEFINITION 46 cubic TERM 47 polymorphs DEFINITION 47 two or more different minerals with the same chemical composition. TERM 48 what is x-ray diffraction used to do? DEFINITION 48 investigate the crystal lattice structure of a mineral TERM 49 the Mohs scale is used to classify minerals according to... DEFINITION 49 hardness TERM 50 cleavage DEFINITION 50 the manner in which a crystal breaks TERM 51 true or false: diamond has cleavage. DEFINITION 51 true TERM 52 true or false: calcite is harder than quartz. DEFINITION 52 false TERM 53 Which mineral group does calcite belong? DEFINITION 53 carbonates TERM 54 which mineral group does corundum, also known as Ruby belong? DEFINITION 54 oxides TERM 55 what are the atoms that bond to form the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron? DEFINITION 55 1 silicon and 4 oxygens TERM 56 which of the following silicate minerals is composed of independent, isolated Silicon- Oxygen tetrahedra? DEFINITION 56 olivine (or peridot) TERM 57 which silicate mineral is made up of sheets of Silicon-Oxygen tetrahedra? DEFINITION 57 biotite (a mica mineral) TERM 58 why is concrete not considered to be a rock? DEFINITION 58 it is man made TERM 59 in terms of chemical composition, the Hope Diamond is most similar to... DEFINITION 59 pencil lead (graphite) TERM 60 bedrock DEFINITION 60 in place rock attached to the Earths crust