Comparison of Religious Texts, Beliefs, and Concepts, Quizzes of World History

Download Comparison of Religious Texts, Beliefs, and Concepts and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 5 Pillars of Islam DEFINITION 1 The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory by Sunni Muslims.1. Allah alone is God (Shahada)2. Prayer 5 times per day (Salat)3. Alms for the weak and the poor (Zakat)4. Fasting during Ramadan (Saum)5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) TERM 2 Ahimsa DEFINITION 2 Ahimsa is a term meaning to do no harm (literally: the avoidance of violence - himsa). TERM 3 Arius DEFINITION 3 Bishop who said that Jesus was a created being. Involves in 4th century controversy of Nicene Creed. Arius (, AD 250 or 256- 336) was a Christian presbyter in Alexandria, Egypt of Libyan origins. TERM 4 Al-Andalus DEFINITION 4 Muslim Spain. Prince Abd-Al-Rahman fled to Morroco with family and established Al-Andalus. An avenue, or pathway for Arabic learning. TERM 5 Asceticism DEFINITION 5 Asceticism describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various sorts of worldly pleasures often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals. TERM 6 Ashoka DEFINITION 6 Greatest Indian Emperor. TERM 7 Athanasius DEFINITION 7 Opponent of Arius. Champion of Nicene Orthodoxy. Letter in 367, wrote first 27 books of Christianity. TERM 8 Buddhism DEFINITION 8 Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pli/Sanskrit "the awakened one"). No fixed hierarchies, no priests. Discontent with caste system. TERM 9 Byzantine Empire DEFINITION 9 After the fall of Rome. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. TERM 10 Caesaropapism DEFINITION 10 Caesaropapism form of rule combining the power of secular government with, or making it superior to, the spiritual authority of the Church; especially concerning the connection of the Church with government. TERM 21 Gnostics/Gnosticism DEFINITION 21 Gnosis (knowledge), diverse group, believed that anything physical was evil. Ev (the one) TERM 22 Hadiths DEFINITION 22 Source of Islamic law. Traditions about sayings and action of Muhammad. The term Hadth (plural: hadith, hadiths, or ahadith) is used to denote a saying, act or tacit approval either validly or invalidly ascribed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. TERM 23 Henotheism DEFINITION 23 Henotheism is the belief and worship of a single god while accepting the existence or possible existence of other deities who may also be worthy of praise. TERM 24 Ibn Battuta DEFINITION 24 Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta, or simply Ibn Battuta, also known as Shams ad-Din (February 25, 1304-1368 or 1369), was a Moroccan Berber Islamic traveller known for his fascinating travels published in the Rihla (literally, "The Journey Travels Silk Road and trade routes writing about different practices of Islam. TERM 25 Jainism DEFINITION 25 Jainism is an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non- violence towards all living beings. 800 B.C. People began to look more at Vedas. Began to inlcorporate more dravidian ideas. Decendents of Hinduism. No harm to living things not many poeple practiced. TERM 26 Jati DEFINITION 26 Occupational based groups. Specific breakdown of occupations in caste system. TERM 27 Karma DEFINITION 27 Way in which you perform your duty. Karma in Indian religions is the concept of "action" or "deed", understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect (i.e., the cycle called sasra) originating in ancient India and treated in Hindu, Jain, Buddhist and Sikh philosophies. TERM 28 Koran/Quran DEFINITION 28 The Quran, also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Qur-n, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur-n, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God (, Allah). TERM 29 Lotus Sutra DEFINITION 29 Document explaining confucianism to chinese. Helps translate buddhism to chinese using daoist language.The Lotus Stra is one of the most popular and influential Mahyna stras, and the basis on which the Tiantai and Nichiren sects of Buddhism were established. TERM 30 Mahayanna DEFINITION 30 Allows for cultural accommodations. Also known as greater vehicle. Buddha became a supernatural being who could be worshipped and prayed to and was spiritually available to his followers. One of the Buddhists school accepting of syncretism. TERM 31 Marcion DEFINITION 31 Born in 100 AD wrote 11 books in 140 AD. Was exiled because he rejected Judaism. Hated Jews. Came up with god the stranger, thought that old testament is mean and vindictive. Founds marcionites TERM 32 Mecca DEFINITION 32 oasis city. The sacred place where Muhammed got revelaions from Gabrielle TERM 33 Moksha DEFINITION 33 Release of cycle of life, acheived through following the 8 fold path. TERM 34 Monasticism DEFINITION 34 Monasticism is a religious way of life characterized by the practice of renouncing worldly pursuits to fully devote one's self to spiritual work. TERM 35 Monolatry DEFINITION 35 Monolatrism or monolatry = single, and (latreia) = worship) is the recognition of the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity. TERM 46 Silk Roads DEFINITION 46 The Silk Road or Silk Route refers to a network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. TERM 47 Sunni DEFINITION 47 Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam. Leadership (imam) chosen by consensus. Majority of current islamic pop (85%) TERM 48 Syncretism DEFINITION 48 Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. Cultural accommodations of culturevalues. TERM 49 Torah DEFINITION 49 The book of the Jewish faith, written predominantly in Biblical Hebrew with a few instances of Biblical Aramaic, is the entirety of Judaism's founding legal and ethical religious texts. TERM 50 Tribal Religion DEFINITION 50 Folk religion consists of ethnic or regional religious customs under the umbrella of an organized religion, but outside of official doctrine and practices. By birth, Hinduism, Judaism TERM 51 Universal religion DEFINITION 51 Everyone follows teachings, conversion, afterlife accessable to everyone. Message for all humanity, means of universal salvation.Christianity, TERM 52 Umma DEFINITION 52 The just and moral society of Islam. Community of all believers, replacing tgribal, ethnic, or racial identities. TERM 53 Vedas DEFINITION 53 Widely recognized sacred texts. Compiled by priests, transmitted orally for centuries, reduced to writing in sanskrit in 600 BCEThe Vedas are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. TERM 54 Caesaropapism---Caliph DEFINITION 54 Caesaropapism is the rule combining the power of secular government with, or making it superior to, the spiritual authority of the Church. especially concerning the connection of the Church with government. Started during Byzantine Empire. Means Successor. Creates teachings of Muhammad. (Abu Bakr, and Uthman) The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah These are linked together because the termsin both cases means ruler, but they both also involve the ruler being over the church, and religious affairs. TERM 55 Nicene Creed---Hadiths DEFINITION 55 Nicene Creed was created in the 4th Century, ordered by Constantine, for all bishops to come together anddetermine what christianity really is. (only one god, jesus christ is his son)The Nicene Creed is the creed or profession of faith (Greek: ) that is most widely used in Christian liturgy. Hadiths are the source of Islamic law. Traditions about sayings and action of Muhammad. Both the Nicene Creed and the Hadiths were beliefs and ways of living; Nicene CreedforChristian people, and Hadiths for Islamic people. TERM 56 Septuagint---Quran DEFINITION 56 The Septuagint, or simply "LXX", is an Ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The Quran, also transliterated Qur'an, Koran, Qur-n, Coran, Kuran, and al-Qur- n, is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God (, Allah). TERM 57 Athanasius---Pali Canon DEFINITION 57 Athanasius was the opponent of Arius. Champion of Nicene Orthodoxy. Letter in 367, wrote first 27 books of Christianity. The Pali Canon is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition. TERM 58 Umma---Sangha DEFINITION 58 The just and moral society of Islam. Community of all believers, replacing tgribal, ethnic, or racial identities Original Buddhists community. originally coed, where women and men lived together. That caused desires, which caused sufferring.Sangha is a word in Pali or Sanskrit that can be translated roughly as "association" or "assembly," "company" or "community" with common goal, vision or purpose. TERM 59 Nicene Creed---5 Pillars of Islam DEFINITION 59 Nicene Creed was created in the 4th Century, ordered by Constantine, for all bishops to come together anddetermine what christianity really is. (only one god, jesus christ is his son)The Nicene Creed is the creed or profession of faith (Greek: ) that is most widely used in Christian liturgy. The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory by Sunni Muslims. TERM 60 Mahayanna---Syncreticism DEFINITION 60 Allows for cultural accommodations. Also known as greater vehicle. Buddha became a supernatural being who could be worshipped and prayed to and was spiritually available to his followers. One of the Buddhists school accepting of syncretism. Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. Cultural accommodations of culturevalues. Mahayanna is the Buddhists school accepting of syncretism, while theravadan school was not accepting of syncreticism.