Philosophical Terms and Concepts in Ethics: From Egoism to Animal Rights, Quizzes of Introduction to Philosophy

Download Philosophical Terms and Concepts in Ethics: From Egoism to Animal Rights and more Quizzes Introduction to Philosophy in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 ethical egoism DEFINITION 1 the theory that people should act only in their own interest TERM 2 Ayn Rand DEFINITION 2 argued for moral capitalism and rejected altruism and self- sacrifice, said that the reason for morality is one's own survival and that altruism makes one a means to others' ends TERM 3 arguments against altruism (for egoism) DEFINITION 3 a. denies the individual b. why should some matter more than others c. happiness cannot be a motivation d. self- defeating (denies sufficiency and bound to bungle) TERM 4 arguments for altruism (against egoism) DEFINITION 4 a. possible to accomplish both the interests of others and oneself? b. publicity argument c. paradox of happiness which requires love and friendship which in turn demand altruism d. counterintuitive e. ultimate bigotry TERM 5 pessimistic view of life without purpose DEFINITION 5 nonexistence is preferable to existence in the world TERM 6 objections to pessimistic view DEFINITION 6 a. if death is bad then life must be good b. how can we compare existence vs. nonexistence if we have not experienced both? TERM 7 Epicurean meaning of life DEFINITION 7 even without an explicit purpose, life is worthwhile for the enjoyment of pleasure TERM 8 Camus's existentialist meaning of life DEFINITION 8 the realization of the absurdity of life allows one to realize a purpose and become happy TERM 9 religious meaning of life DEFINITION 9 to glorify God TERM 10 Pascal's Wager DEFINITION 10 to believe in God or not when the existence of God cannot be determined; one has nothing to lose and everything to gain TERM 21 viability and abortion DEFINITION 21 because viability is alterable and changing, it is difficult to determine the start of "human-ness" TERM 22 levels of consent in reference to euthanasia DEFINITION 22 a. voluntary (request) b. involuntary (protest) c. non- voluntary (unable to determine will) TERM 23 active vs. passive euthanasia DEFINITION 23 killing vs. "letting one die" TERM 24 arguments against euthanasia DEFINITION 24 a. incompatible with the role of doctors b. potential for abuse c. option causes unnecessary pressure on the patient d. slippery slope? TERM 25 Steinbock's take of euthanasia DEFINITION 25 a. extraordinary means can be burdensome, therefore the patient has the right to refuse them b. only passive euthanasia is permissible TERM 26 Kant and the rights of animals DEFINITION 26 animals have no autonomy, and therefore are not part of the social contract TERM 27 animal welfare vs. animal rights DEFINITION 27 welfare: we shouldn't cause unnecessary suffering rights: we must stop animal use all together TERM 28 Singer and animal ethics DEFINITION 28 a. speciesism is the equivalent of racism, sexism b. animals should be considered to the amount that they have interests c. described a widening circle of equality that should soon encompass animals