Plant Nutrition and Animal Behavior Lab Questions, Exams of Biology

Download Plant Nutrition and Animal Behavior Lab Questions and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! ECOL / MCB 182 T/Th 2:00-3:15 SECTION EXAM THREE April 27, 2006 STUDENT NAME: ______________________________________________________ Print Last Name First Name LAB SECTION: _____ GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Use a Number 2 Pencil, No Pen! 2. Write and bubble your last name 3. Write and bubble your four digit code under "A - D" 4. Write and bubble your lab section under “O-P” Each question is worth 2 points. Choose the single best answer to each question. 1. As plants grow taller, what processes limit the further expansion of leaves at the top of the canopy? a. The inability of gravitational potential to transport water for transpiration b. The inability of cell osmotic potential to overcome the gravitational potential c. The development of sufficient tension so as to cause embolism d. The inability of turgor to develop negative tensions e. None of the above 2. The driving force for mass flow of solution in xylem is ________, whereas in phloem it is ________. a. Transpiration, sucrose concentrating b. Tension, negative pressure c. Active transport, tension d. Both a and c e. None of the above 3. In phloem, sap is moved through: a. Dead tracheids that stack, end-to-end b. Living tracheids that are overlapped c. Living sieve tube elements that are interconnected d. Dead sieve tube elements that are interconnected e. None of the above Name ___________ Lab Section ______ 2 4. Nitrogen is a principal limiting factor in plant communities because: a. Plants ‘pay’ for fungal symbiosis with high nitrogen compounds b. Plants need nitrogen for the construction of proteins c. Plants lose nitrogen by the process of N-fixation d. Animals continuously remove nitrogen from plant sap e. None of the above 5. Where do most nutrients come from in terrestrial ecosystems? a. The mineral soil. b. Dust deposition. c. Decomposing organic matter. d. Organic detransformation. e. None of the above. 6. Which of the following is the ‘big-deal’ implication of nutrients being held in so- lution in the soil water at concentrations that are extremely low relative to those in other pools in the soil profile? a. Microbes cannot rapidly utilize those nutrient compounds, but plants can. b. Nutrients are not completely leached from most terrestrial ecosystems by rela- tively fast moving water. c. Fungi have to form cooperative arrangements with plants to acquire nutrients. d. Cardiopodia have to rapidly deploy epidermal hairs to acquire soil water nutrients. e. None of the above 7. Roots can actively scavenge nutrients from the soil by: a. Physically displacing mineral nutrients by pressure. b. Displacing nutrients from charged soil particles by changing soil pH. c. Displacing nutrients from bacterial colonies with organic acids. d. Both a and b. e. None of the above. 8. When nutrient concentration in the soil declines, root absorbance of nutrients: a. Increases. b. Decreases. c. Reverses. d. Does not change. e. None of the above. 9. Plants with a stress tolerant strategy tend to have: a. low turnover of nutrients in tissues. b. high growth rates. c. low uptake rates of nutrients. d. Both a and c. e. None of the above. Name ___________ Lab Section ______ 5 20. Why is this so? a. Choosing large prey when the prey density is low and small prey when the prey den- sity is high is optimal for the predator. b. Choosing small prey when the prey density is low and large prey when the prey den- sity is high is optimal for the predator. c. Choosing small prey when the prey density is high and being less choosy when the prey density if low is optimal for the predator. d. Choosing large prey when the prey density is high and being less choosy when the prey density if low is optimal for the predator. e. Never choosing prey according to their size is optimal for the predator. 21. What does “optimal” mean? a. An optimal behavior is one expected to be favored by natural selection. b. An optimal behavior maximizes the Darwinian fitness of individuals that express it. c. When a population of individuals displaying an optimal behavior is mixed with an- other population displaying a different behavior, the latter population will be outcom- peted and go extinct. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. 22. The experiment shows that, in reality, at high density the bluegill sunfish eats more small prey than expected from foraging theory. How can we explain such a discrepancy between the theoretical prediction and the experimental result? a. Even if the prey density is high on average in the tank, there may be some areas in the tank where the fishes have access to small prey only. b. Even if the prey density is high on average in the tank, the size distribution of prey fluctuates and there may be times when the fishes have access to small prey only. c. The fish’s feeding behavior may still be evolving and has not yet reached the pre- dicted long-term outcome. d. All of the above. e. None of the above. 23. How can prey be agents of natural selection on their predators? a. A predator’s ability to catch and process prey is heritable (to some extent). b. Predators may differ in their ability to catch and process a certain type of prey. c. Different types of prey may be more or less likely to be caught by a certain type of predator. d. Individual predators are likely to learn and change their behavior in response to prey defenses. e. Both a and b. Name ___________ Lab Section ______ 6 24. In northern Scandinavia rodents called lemmings manifest periodic buildups of large populations called irruptions. The most likely cause of these irruptions is a(n) a. increase in food supply. b. decrease in predator population. c. increase in food nutritive quality. d. increase in predator mortality. e. decrease in predator fertility. 25. Which of the following behaviors conveys information about the direction of a food source in honeybees? a. Round dance b. Odor on the body of a returning forager c. Angle of the straight run of the waggle dance d. Speed of the waggle dance e. Speed of the round dance 26. A nerve is a. a bundle of dendrites that carries information about many things simultaneously. b. a bundle of many axons carrying information to and from the central nervous system. c. a single axon carrying information to and from the central nervous system. d. a single dendrite that carries information about many things simultaneously. e. a bundle of many axons carrying information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system only. 27. The information that flows through the nervous system consists of ________ and _______ messages. a. chemical, tactile b. electrical, tactile c. chemical, electrical d. visual, chemical e. visual, electrical 28. _______ receptors in muscles, tendons, and ligaments inform the CNS of the po- sition of and loads on parts of the body. a. Stretch b. Cone cell c. Chemoreceptor d. Photoreceptor 29. The secretion of hormones from an endocrine gland is most likely under the con- trol of which of the following components of the nervous system? a. Autonomic b. Voluntary c. Dendritic d. Limbic Name ___________ Lab Section ______ 7 30. Which of the following statements about the compound eyes of arthropods is false? a. Ommatidia are the optical units of compound eyes. b. The number of ommatidia per eye can vary greatly in different species. c. The eyes of cephalopods are similar to the compound eyes of arthropods. d. The compound eye communicates a relatively crude image to the central nervous system. e. Each ommatidium has a lens structure that directs light onto photoreceptors. 31. The molecule _______ is the basis for photosensitivity. a. leptin b. interleukin c. photonin d. rhodopsin e. none of the above 32. What causes the blind spot in the eye? a. An unusually high density of rod cells. b. An unusually high density of cone cells. c. The focal spot of incoming light. d. Lack of photoreceptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye. e. Saturated photoreceptors. 33. Which of the following statements about color vision is false? a. There are three different types of cone cells in the human retina. b. The absorption spectra of cone cells differ because of molecular differences in the retinal molecules. c. Rods do not contribute to color vision. d. The different opsin molecules in the human retina differ according to the wavelength of light they absorb best. e. Nocturnal animals often have poor color vision. 34. The function of the limbic system is the a. regulation of instincts, emotions, and physiological drives. b. transfer of short-term memory to long-term memory. c. regulation of food intake. d. Both a and b. e. a, b, and c. 35. Short-term memory lasts about a. a few seconds. b. 10–15 minutes. c. 20–30 minutes. d. 1 hour. e. a few days.