Terms and Definitions: African History, Politics, and Geography, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Terms and Definitions: African History, Politics, and Geography and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf DEFINITION 1 Current president of LiberiaFirst female black president, successfully stabilized the political system and returned Liberia to democracyKnown as the "Iron Lady" TERM 2 Conflict in Congo DEFINITION 2 civil war caused one of the worlds largest refugee crisis -the death toll was close to 5 million TERM 3 Sudan and refugee crisis in Sudan DEFINITION 3 Cause: 3+ years of civil war between President Salva (Dinka Tribe) adn Vice-President Riek Machar (Nuer Tribe).People: 1.5 Million have fled, 3.5 million homeless, more than 60% of refugees are children. TERM 4 Apartheid in South Africa DEFINITION 4 1948-1994all white government developed policies of racial segregation under a system of legislationended with the election of Nelson Mandela in 1994 TERM 5 Ebola outbreak in Liberia DEFINITION 5 Decimated the stat that was already weak due to poverty. TERM 6 HIV/AIDs Crisis DEFINITION 6 People: Jacob Zuma - changed the approach to treating AIDS, Thabo Mbeki - leader of the denialist movementOragin: Hunter TheoryMajor Years: 1930 - First Case Recorded, 1985 - Gov't Addressed issue, 1990 - first survey of prevalence, 1995 - awareness program, 1997 - medicine devloped for cure, 2000 - 5 year plan to combat AIDS implemented TERM 7 Conflict in Somolia DEFINITION 7 Somali people constitute an assemblage of five major ethnic groups fragmented into hundreds of clans, all engaged in an endless struggle for power as well as survivalFailed state, led to the countries division into three states: Somaliland (North), Puntland (East), Mogadishu (South). TERM 8 Somali Pirates DEFINITION 8 Most pirates were very young and came from the southern conflict zones. Divided into Three Categories: Local Fisherman, Ex-Military, Technical Experts1992: General and complete arms embargo against SomaliaMay 2007: Chinese sailor was killed by pilotsOctober 2008: UN adopts resolution 1838, urging military force againstNovember 2008-2009: Piracy Increases and Expands2013: Piracy Declines TERM 9 Boko Haram DEFINITION 9 Nigerian based militant Islamic group founded in 2002Responsible for kidnapping 200+ Nigerian girls in 2014Declared a caliphate in area it controlled TERM 10 Mugabe and Governance in Zimbabwe DEFINITION 10 Mugabe:-Encouraged squatters to invade white farms- Destroyed the agriculture economy-Foreign investment dried up-Destroyed informal sector in urban centers-China pursuing economic opportunities TERM 21 Endemic DEFINITION 21 disease that infects many people in a kind of equilibrum without causing rapid or widespread deaths -ex common cold TERM 22 Epidemic DEFINITION 22 disease outbreak of local or regional dimension -Sleeping sickness vectored by tsetse fly TERM 23 Pandemic DEFINITION 23 disease that spreads worldwide -malaria transmitted by misquito TERM 24 Multilingualism DEFINITION 24 society with a mosiac of local languages -powerful centralfugial froce -African governemnt attempt to establish national languages -colonial language versus dominante local languages TERM 25 Formal Sector DEFINITION 25 Government control and regulations affectign civil service, business, industry, adn their workers TERM 26 Informal Sector DEFINITION 26 areas where activites are beyond government control - migrants living in unofficial housing TERM 27 Apartheid DEFINITION 27 "apartness" -pracrice involving strict racial segregationand severe discrimination TERM 28 Exclave DEFINITION 28 a bounded piece of territory that s part of a particular state but lies seperate from it by the terrioty of anotuehr state TERM 29 Landlocked State DEFINITION 29 an interior state surrounded by land. without coasts it is at a disadvantage in terms of accessability TERM 30 Sharia Law DEFINITION 30 the strict criminal code based in islamic law that prescribes coporal punishment, amputations, stoning, adn lashings for both major and minor offenses. TERM 31 Enclave DEFINITION 31 a piece of territoy that is surroundede by anuther political unit of which it is not a part TERM 32 Periodic Market DEFINITION 32 village market that is open every third day or some other regular interval TERM 33 Islamic Front DEFINITION 33 the southern border of the african transition zone that marks the religous frountier of the muslim faith in its southward pernetration of subsarahan africa TERM 34 Choke Point DEFINITION 34 a narroing of an international waterway causing marin traffic congestion, requiring reduced speed and/or ship turns, and increasing risk of collision or attack TERM 35 Failed State DEFINITION 35 a country whose institutions have collapsed and in which anarchy prevails -Somalia