Chemical Safety Guide: Calcium Chloride, Dichloromethane, MTBE, Sodium Carbonate, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Chemical Safety Guide: Calcium Chloride, Dichloromethane, MTBE, Sodium Carbonate and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Experiment 5 Extraction of Crude Caffeine from Tea using Liquid-Liquid Extraction Safety Data Sheet General Guide for the Proper Laboratory Attire: 1. Always wear a face shield or face mask large enough to protect your ears and neck as well as your face when dealing with chemicals. 2. Wear gloves when handling chemicals. Select the glove material based on compatibility with the chemicals you may contact. 3. Wear appropriate protective work clothing that protects your body from chemical exposure. 4. Put-on protective goggles for eye protection. 5. Use chemicals only as directed and for their intended purpose. Chemical Compound Properties Hazards First-aid Measures or other Measures Needed Anhydrous calcium chloride • Calcium chloride is found as an odorless white powder, granules or flakes. It has a density of 2.15 g/mL, melting point of 782 °C and a high boiling point over 1600 °C. • CaCl2 is highly water soluble, hygroscopic and deliquescent). Calcium chloride dissolves in water in a very exothermic manner. • Calcium chloride is not toxic in normal amounts and is used in foods. However, its main hazard is due to its desiccating • Eye: Contact with eyes may cause severe irritation, and possible eye burns. • Skin: Contact with skin causes irritation and possible burns, especially if the skin is wet or moist. • Ingestion: May cause severe gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and possible burns. May cause cardiac disturbances. May be harmful if swallowed. In very severe cases, seizures, rapid respiration, slow heartbeat, or death. • Inhalation: May cause severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract with pain, burns, and inflammation. • Chronic: Effects may be delayed. • Eye: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. • Skin: Get medical aid. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupful of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid. • Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. (drying) property and exothermic reaction when it dissolves in water. • Hydrophilite, antarcticite (hexahydrate). White, melts without decomposition. Blurs on air because of vigorous absorption of moisture. It is readily soluble in water (without hydrolysis). Decomposes by concentrated sulfuric acid. Participates in exchange reactions. • Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively. • Extinguishing Media: Use extinguishing media most appropriate for the surrounding fire. • Spills/Leaks: Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. Dichlorometh ane (DCM) • Dichloromethane appears as a colorless liquid with a sweet, penetrating, ether-like odor. Noncombustible by if exposed to high temperatures may emit toxic chloride fum es. Vapors are narcotic in high concentrations. Used as a solvent and paint remover. • Boiling point of 40 °C and Melting point at -95.1°C • Inhalation - can cause coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath. Higher levels of dichloromethane inhalation can lead to headache, mental confusion, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and fatigue. Causes central nervous system depression: Continued or high exposures by inhalation will cause anesthetic effects. This may result in a loss of consciousness and could prove fatal: Causes formation of carbon monoxide in the blood. Carbon monoxide may cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing Ingestion: Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water. Skin: Wash with plenty of soap and water. If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, carbon dioxide (Na2CO3) is an odorless, grayish white powder which is hygroscopic. This means when it is exposed to air, it can spontaneously absorb water molecules. • Sodium carbonate has a melting point of 1,564°F (851°C), a density of 2.53 g/cm3, and is soluble in water. • There are generally two ways for the production of sodium carbonate. One is through the reactions between sodium chloride and calcium carbonate (via the ammonia soda (Solvay) process). The other is from sodium carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ores (trona and nahcolite). as acute or chronic asthma or another chronic pulmonary disease. Inhalation could irritate your nose, throat or respiratory tract. If sodium carbonate is inhaled, get plenty of fresh air. If you’re with someone who’s inhaled sodium carbonate and they’re not breathing, you may need to perform artificial respiration. Seek medical attention if you or someone else is having trouble breathing after inhalation. • Swallowing: If sodium carbonate is swallowed, especially in a large amount, call for medical help immediately. Sodium carbonate can burn your mouth, throat, stomach or esophagus, and vomiting, nausea or diarrhea could result. If swallowed, drink two or more glasses of water or milk. While you shouldn’t induce vomiting, if vomiting does occur, drink extra fluids afterwards. Don’t drink carbonated beverages or any acids. If someone has swallowed sodium carbonate and he is unconscious, do not attempt to give him fluids. • Skin: Your skin could become irritated after breathing, give artificial respiration. • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. • Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. • Skin Contact: Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if symptoms occur. prolonged or repeated contact with sodium carbonate, causing redness or swelling. If you already have a skin condition, such as skin lesions, sodium carbonate could further irritate this. If your skin is already moist, sodium carbonate could cause chemical burns. • Eyes: Contact with the eyes could cause chemical burns. Also, prevent sodium carbonate from coming into contact with your clothing. Remove clothing and wash your garments before wearing them again. Other First-aid Measures: • Chemical burns by organic solvents: Remove the cause of the burn. Flush the chemical off the skin with cool running water for at least 10 minutes. For dry chemicals, brush off any remaining material using a towel or other suitable object before flushing. Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton) or a clean cloth. Wrap it loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Flush again if needed. If you experience increased burning after the initial flushing, flush the burn area with water again for several more minutes. • Thermal Burns from heated alcohol lamp or containers: Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water or apply a cool, wet compress until the pain eases. Don't use ice. Putting ice directly on a burn can cause further damage to the tissue. Next, remove rings or other tight items. Try to do this quickly and gently, before the burned area swells. If there are blisters present, don't break them. Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection. If a blister breaks, clean the area with water (mild soap is optional). Apply an antibiotic ointment. But if a rash appears, stop using the ointment. Once a burn is completely cooled, apply a lotion to prevent drying and provides relief. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton). Wrap it loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the area, reduces pain and protects blistered skin. References: Dichloromethane Methylene Chloride. (2017, January 26). Retrieved from https://safetyservices.ucdavis.edu/safetynet/guidelines-handling-dichloromethane-methylene- chloride Brennan, J. (2019, March 2). Toxicity of Household Bleach. Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/toxicity-household-bleach-21461.html Calcium chloride. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Calcium-chloride Calcium chloride Formula - Calcium chloride Uses, Properties, Structure and Formula. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/calcium_chloride_uses_properties_structure_formula/ 296/ Dichloromethane. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dichloromethane#section=ICSC-Number Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) Hazards & Safety Information. (2017, September 18). Retrieved from https://www.msdsonline.com/2015/02/20/dichloromethane-methylene-chloride-hazards- safety-information/ Everything Calcium Chloride. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.oxycalciumchloride.com/about- us/everything-calcium-chloride Methyl tert-butyl ether. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methyl- tert-butyl-ether Properties of Calcium Chloride. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.peterschemical.com/properties-of- calcium-chloride/