extraction of nicotine from cigaretess, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Physics

Download extraction of nicotine from cigaretess and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Sahoday Sr. Sec. School Chemistry Project Topic : Extraction of nicotine sulphate from sample of cigarettes Submitted to : Mrs. Nirmala Singh Submitted by : Sahil Rajput [class-12th] CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Sahil Rajput , a student of class 12 th (science) has successfully completed his project work under the guidance of subject teacher Mrs. Nirmala Singh during the year 2019- 20 from Sahoday Sr. Sec. School in partial fulfillment of chemistry practical examination conducted by CBSE. Teacher’s name Teacher’s Sign. Mrs. Nirmala Singh ______________ (PGT Chemistry) but has been so long cultivated that it is no longer known in the wild. N.Rrustica, a mild-flavored, fast- burning species, was the tobacco originally raised in Virginia, but it is now grown chiefly in Turkey, India, and Russia. The alkaloid nicotine is the most characteristic constituent of tobacco and is responsible for its addictive nature. The harmful effects of tobacco derive from the thousands of different compounds generated in the smoke, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzpyrene), formaldehyde, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, radioactive polonium-210, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), phenols, and many others. Tobacco is cultivated similarly to other agricultural products. Seeds are sown in cold frames or hotbeds to prevent attacks from insects, and then transplanted into the fields. Tobacco is an annual crop, which is usually harvested mechanically or by hand. After harvest, tobacco is stored for curing, which allows for the slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids. This allows for the agricultural product to take on properties that are usually attributed to the "smoothness" of the smoke. Following this, tobacco is packed into its various forms of consumption, which include smoking, chewing, snuffing, and so on. Most cigarettes incorporate flue-cured tobacco, which produces a milder, more inhalable smoke. Use of low- pH, inhalable, flue-cured tobacco is one of the principal reasons smoking causes lung cancer and other diseases association with smoke inhalation. Nicotine Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae) that acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. The biosynthesistakes place in the roots and accumulation occurs in the leaves of the Solanaceae. It constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco and is present in the range of 2–7 μg/kg of various edible plants. It g/kg of various edible plants. It functions as an antiherbivore chemical; therefore, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past and nicotine analogs such as imidacloprid are currently widely used. In low doses (an average cigarette yields about 1 mg of absorbed nicotine), the substance acts as a stimulant in mammals, while high amounts (30–60 mg) can be fatal. This stimulant effect is the main factor responsible for the dependence-forming properties of tobacco smoking. According to the American Heart Association, nicotine addiction has historically been one of the hardest addictions to break, while the pharmacological and behavioral characteristics that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those determining addiction to heroin and cocaine.  Two layers are formed – one heavy (dark drown) layer at the bottom and another lighter (almost transparent) layer on the top.  Open the valve of the separating funnel and collect the heavier layer in a test tube.  Now transfer the contents into a china dish. Repeat the same procedure for the different samples and label them after the name of the cigarettes from which they have been obtained.  Heat the crystals in liquid form and ultimately subject them to cold water and leave them for a day or two.  Weigh the crystals hence obtained with the help of a physical balance. Result The analysis showed relatively higher levels of nicotine in tobacco from beedis (0.17g) as compared to cigarettes (0.05g in Sample B and 0.06g in Sample A) Conclusion This study concludes that the nicotine content in tobacco contained in country cigarettes (beedi) is higher compared to the content in company manufactured branded cigarettes. Bibliography  www.en.wikipedia.com  www.righthealth.com  www.nicorette.com  “World Health Survey” by the World Health Organisation (WHO)  “Practical Chemistry for Class XII” by Laxmi Publications