Families and Intimate Relationships - Sociological Imagination - Lecture Slides, Slides of Sociology

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Chapter 11 Families and Intimate Relationships docsity.com Questions for you • What have been some of the most significant changes in marriages and families within the United States during your lifetime? • What social events can account for these changes? • What are some current trends that are affecting marriage and family relationships today? • How might families of the future be organized? docsity.com New Definition of Family • Relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group. docsity.com 6 Family Economics Media Education Politics Social Factors that Influence Family Forms and Functions docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Contemporary Trends in U.S. Family Life? • True or False? – Most U.S. family households are composed of a married couple with one or more children under age 18. docsity.com How Much Do You Know About Trends in U.S. Family Life? • False. – Adult children of divorced parents are less likely to dissolve their own marriages than they were two decades ago. docsity.com Family Structure and Characteristics • Kinship refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption. • Family of orientation is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place. • Family of procreation is the family a person forms by having or adopting children. docsity.com Family Structure and Characteristics • An extended family is composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household. • A nuclear family is composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives. docsity.com Monogamy • A marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man. • Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice serial monogamy—a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time. docsity.com Polygamy • The concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex. – The most prevalent form of polygamy is polygyny—the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women. • Polyandry is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men. docsity.com Patterns of Unilineal Descent • Patrilineal descent traces descent through the father’s side of the family. • Matrilineal descent is a system of tracing descent through the mother’s side of the family. docsity.com Household Composition: 1970 and 2000 1970 2000 Married couples with children 40.3% 24.1% Married couples without children 30.3% 28.7% Persons living Alone 17.1% 25.5% Other family Households 10.6% 16% Other nonfamily households 1.7% 5.7% docsity.com Residential Patterns • Patrilocal residence refers to a married couple living in the same household as the husband’s family. • Matrilocal residence refers to a married couple living in the same household as the wife’s parents. • Neolocal residence refers to a married couple living in their own residence apart from the husband’s and the wife’s parents. docsity.com Endogamy and Exogamy • Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one’s own group. – In the United States, most people marry people who come from the same social class, racial– ethnic group, religious affiliation, and other categories considered important within their own social group. • Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one’s own social group or category. docsity.com Functionalist Perspective: Four Functions of Families 1. Sexual regulation 2. Socialization 3. Economic and psychological support for members. 4. Provision of social status and reputation. docsity.com Conflict Perspective • Families in capitalist economies are similar to workers in a factory. • Women are dominated at home the same way workers are dominated in factories. • Reproduction of children and care for family members reinforce subordination of women through unpaid labor. docsity.com Symbolic Interactionist Perspective • How family problems are perceived and defined depends on: – Patterns of communication. – The meanings people give to roles and events. – Individual interpretations of family interactions. docsity.com Domestic Partnerships • Household partnerships in which an unmarried couple lives together in a committed, sexually intimate relationship and is granted the same rights and benefits as those accorded to married heterosexual couples. docsity.com Why People Get Married • Being "in love." • Desiring companionship and sex. • Wanting to have children. • Social pressure. • Attempting to escape from their parents' home. • Believing they will have greater resources. docsity.com Homogamy • The pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, religious background, age, education, or social class. docsity.com Infertility • Defined as an inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sexual relations. • Infertility affects nearly five million U.S. couples, or one in twelve couples in which the wife is between the ages of fifteen and forty four. docsity.com Adoption • A legal process through which the rights and duties of parenting are transferred from a child’s biological and/or legal parents to a new legal parent or parents. • This gives the adopted child all the rights of a biological child. docsity.com Teen Pregnancy • The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy in the Western industrialized world. • In 2003 the total number of live births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19 was 59.9. docsity.com Single Parenting • 42% of white children and 86% of African American children spend part of their childhood in a single parent household. • Lesbian and gay parents are often counted as single parents, however many share parenting with partner. docsity.com Two-Parent Households • Parenthood in the United States is idealized, especially for women. • Children in two-parent families are not guaranteed a happy childhood simply because both parents reside in the same household. docsity.com Polling Question • It is better for everyone if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family. A. Strongly agree B. Agree somewhat C. Unsure D. Disagree somewhat E. Strongly disagree docsity.com Characteristics of Those Likely to Get Divorced • Marriage at an early age. • A short acquaintanceship before marriage. • Disapproval of the marriage by relatives and friends. • Limited economic resources. docsity.com Characteristics of Those Likely to Get Divorced • Having a high-school education or less. • Parents who are divorced or have unhappy marriages. • The presence of children at the beginning of the marriage. docsity.com Divorce • The legal process of dissolving a marriage that allows former spouses to remarry if they so choose. • Recent studies have shown that 43 % of first marriages end in separation or divorce within 15 years. docsity.com 1. A social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption is: A. family of orientation B. Kinship C. family D. ethnic group docsity.com Answer: B • A social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption is kinship. docsity.com 2. A family composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives is called: A. nuclear family B. sandwich family C. boomerang family D. extended family docsity.com Answer: C • The concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women is polygyny. docsity.com 4. A family structure in which the authority is held by the eldest female is: A. a matriarchical family B. a patriarchical family C. a patrilocal family D. a matrilocal family docsity.com Answer: A • A family structure in which the authority is held by the eldest female is a matriarchical family. docsity.com 6. The family one is born into and which early socialization takes place is: A. the family of orientation B. the family of adoption C. the family of procreation D. the family of origin docsity.com Answer: A • The family one is born into and which early socialization takes place is the family of orientation (in cultures that practice neolocality). docsity.com