Family Diversity and Theories of Gender Roles: A Comprehensive Study, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Family Diversity and Theories of Gender Roles: A Comprehensive Study and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 marriage DEFINITION 1 a legal/civic relationship between two consenting adults and the state in which they reside specifying thier natual rights and responsibilities. TERM 2 typical "american" family DEFINITION 2 there is no single "typical American family". American families are incredibly diverse TERM 3 family DEFINITION 3 two or more people related by blood or law - step brothers/sisters excluded - same sex couples/ depending on state - foster children TERM 4 family of origin/orientation DEFINITION 4 the family that you were raised in. TERM 5 family of procreation DEFINITION 5 the family that created by adding children. TERM 6 Nuclear family DEFINITION 6 a married mother and father with at least one child living at home. TERM 7 Binuclear family DEFINITION 7 two parents maintaining two separate households. TERM 8 Blended Family DEFINITION 8 two families joined by blood or law. TERM 9 Extended family DEFINITION 9 other relatives outside of the nuclear family. TERM 10 Individualistic cultures DEFINITION 10 emphasize independence, and the autonomy of the individual. TERM 21 pantogamy DEFINITION 21 a group marriage where ea. member of the group is married to ea. other. TERM 22 gender roles DEFINITION 22 part three of exam #1 TERM 23 sex DEFINITION 23 biological distinction between being female and being male. ( having xx or xy chromosomes) TERM 24 intersex DEFINITION 24 individuals exhibiting some combo. of both male and female genitalia. TERM 25 gender DEFINITION 25 social and psychological characteristics assoc. with being male or famale in a society. TERM 26 sex roles DEFINITION 26 roles defined by bilogical constraints that can be performed by only one biological sex (breastfeeding) TERM 27 gender roles DEFINITION 27 norms about what is "appropriate" behavior for males or females. 1. are socially defined and vary from society to society and overtime. 2. usually presume males and females are completely different biologically and thus should have different roles socially? 3. can be enacted by either men or women. 4. only 40% of men and women endorse traditional gender roles, no gender difference. TERM 28 gender role ideology DEFINITION 28 beliefs about the proper role relationships between men and women in a society. TERM 29 gender identity DEFINITION 29 the psychological state of viewing oneself as a boy or girl. 1. may or maynot match the biological sex. 2. unrelated to sexual orientation. TERM 30 transgender DEFINITION 30 an umbrella term for people whose anatomy/appearance does not conform to gender roles. TERM 31 transsexual DEFINITION 31 person born into one sex but who identifies with the other. TERM 32 cross-dresser DEFINITION 32 person who identifies with their sex but occationally will dess and act like a member of the other sex. TERM 33 androgyny DEFINITION 33 having both masculine and feminie traits. TERM 34 theories of gender role development DEFINITION 34 socially/evolutionary psychology: 1. males and remales have evolved different reproductive strategies to deal with different reproductive obstacles 2. differnces observed gender roles can be attributed to different biological makeup. identification: children identify with the adult parent of their gender and emulate the behavior they observe. \ social learning: people learn what behavior is acceptable for their gender by observing the behavior of others of their gender and modeling that behavior. TERM 35 7 primary sources of socialization DEFINITION 35 1. family: family roles are highly structured along with gender lines; parents reproduce their values and roles. 2. peers: gendered nature of children's activites nessitates identifying with one. 3. religion: perpetuates gendered division of labor and family roles as "divinely ordained" 4. education: teachers expect gendered behavior of children and treat them accordingly. 5. media: presents images that perpetuate gender role stereotypes. - males as sexobsessed, active, powerful - females as relationship obsessed, passive, weak - prime tv avg. one sexist or heterosexist references every 2 min. even more in sitcoms. 6. ethnicity: subcultural groups have different roles for men and women. 7. economy: occupants are sex segregated (nursing) TERM 46 personality proximity DEFINITION 46 "matching" phenomenon. others who are smilar to us in characteristics (attractiveness) or in value of a different characteristic (status) are seen as more attractive. TERM 47 personal space DEFINITION 47 boundaries, buffers against the world public: 12ft + (teacher, strangers) social: 4-12ft (impersonal relationships, co- workers) personal: 1.5-4ft close friend intimate: 0-1.5 ft most intimate friends TERM 48 flirting DEFINITION 48 scripted methods of communicating our attraction TERM 49 script DEFINITION 49 a sequence/ group of actions that take placein a given order in a particular context. allows us to predict the actions of others and serve as guides for how to act, which reduces stress. TERM 50 five levels of flirting (level 0) DEFINITION 50 level 0. the solicitation: indirect attempt to get someone to approach you, an "indicator of interest". - women send more nonverbal solicitations to men when interested - more lol's a woman sends a man, the more likely he is to escalate to level 1 and approach her. - women who smile at a man are 5.5 times more likely to be approached by him than women who dont smile. - women wearing makeup, especially eye makeup are approached by sig more men in sig less time. - women who are c cups are approached by 3x more men than women who are a cups. TERM 51 (Level 1) DEFINITION 51 the approach: one person approaches the other. - successful men exhibit more preapproach dominance behaviors than unsuccesful men ( touching other men, maximixing space, direct glances) - women using hormonal contraception are less likely to respond to men's approaches. women not using contraceptives are almost 8x more likely to respond to men's approaches during the fertile phase of their cycle that the non-fertile phase. TERM 52 (Level 2) DEFINITION 52 the talk: someone has to say something. TERM 53 (level 3) DEFINITION 53 Swivel or turn: if conversation ensues, rotate so more face to face than side to side. TERM 54 (Level 4) DEFINITION 54 the touch: (major escalation point) one person (usually the woman) touches the other. TERM 55 (Level 5) DEFINITION 55 Synchronization: body movements mirror one another TERM 56 smell factors into attraction? DEFINITION 56 1. both men and women prefer the natural "sweat" smell of members of the opposite sex who are most different from them genetically. 2. female odor attractiveness peaks around ovulation. 3. during pregnancy or while taking hormonal contraceptives, odor preference is reversed for women and women no longer peak at ovulation TERM 57 gender differences in attraction DEFINITION 57 men: perfer more "baby faced" features, large eyes, long hair, small fingers, noses etc. 2. are more interested in a woman's physique and specify "physical" features than women. 3. perfer similar things to women when it comes to LTR, but for social relationships only men are interested in physical characteristics than women. TERM 58 gender differences in attraction DEFINITION 58 women: prefer features that indicate maturity and dominance (older males, more status) 2. prefer faces on the masculine side of avg. ever more so when ovulating. 3. are more interested in communication skills, wealth, and financial security than men. 4. women unlike men, do not differentiate criteria for sexual partners vs. marriage partners---same criteria for all men. TERM 59 6 major styles of love DEFINITION 59 eros ludus storge agape mania pragma TERM 60 eros DEFINITION 60 quickly move to sexual relations: if sex doesnt live up to bodily perfection, dump him/her. -dress, eatling alike, psychological intimacy - easily disappointed b/c of unrealistic expectations TERM 71 #5. Biochemical DEFINITION 71 oxytocin: hormone that encourages contractions and draws the mother to suckling infant. aka: "cuddling chemical" sig in bonding. operative in development of feelings of love. possibly responsible for the reason women want to cuddle after sex. PEA: causes the euphoric and energized feeling. some break up and get back together to rekindle the chemical. TERM 72 #6. attachment DEFINITION 72 primary motivation in life is to be connected to others. children bond with parents and spouses to ea. other. TERM 73 #7. Ego-ideal DEFINITION 73 1. origins belongs to the ego-drives 2. love is a state of dissatisfaction with the self that is a vain attempt to reach one's ego ideal. 3. i.e. we protect our own ideal self image onto another and end up loving our own image in that person. TERM 74 #8. Behavioral DEFINITION 74 1. other people's behavior causes you to develop feelings for them 2. the more they like you, the more you like them. 3. if you behave in positive way towards someone, will attribute own behavior to loving feelings. TERM 75 sternberg's triangle theory of love DEFINITION 75 3 components 1. passion 2. intimacy 3. commitment TERM 76 what social, phychological, physiological conditions make love more likely? DEFINITION 76 social: media says that love is to pursue, enjoy and maintain. if you fall out jump back in psychological: high self esteem and self disclosure important for developing healthy love relationships b/c allows individuals to feel worthy of love defining success. physiological: arousal, timing, cognitive varibles. TERM 77 jealousy DEFINITION 77 feeling based on the preception of a real or imagined treat to one's relationship; fear of losing what you have. ****3/4 of men and women have felt jealousy before. TERM 78 5 factors of jealousy DEFINITION 78 1. partner's behavior 2. insecurity in relationships; low self esteem 3. sociocultural gender expectations 4. unrealistic attitudes towards love - "romantic" = "unrealistic" especially in terms of expectations - American women have the most unrealistic attitudes toward love of anyone on the planet. 5. opposite sex- friendships TERM 79 cheating DEFINITION 79 Men: more likely to count all of those behaviors except vaginal and anal intercourse - as "sex" if their partner did them w/ someone else than if they did that behavior with someone else. Women: are given more freedom than men to pursue outside interests while in a relationship see dating and marriage as equaly sexually restrictive MEN DONT TERM 80 ignorance DEFINITION 80 Ignorantia juris non excusat or Ignorantia legis neminem excusat (Latin for "ignorance of the law does not excuse" or "ignorance of the law excuses no one") is a legal principle holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely because he or she was unaware of its content. TERM 81 prejudice DEFINITION 81 negative attitudes toward others based on differences TERM 82 discrimination DEFINITION 82 Discrimination is the cognitive and sensory capacity or ability to see fine distinctions and perceive differences between objects, subjects, concepts and patterns, or possess exceptional development of the senses.