Understanding the Implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, Lecture notes of Business

Download Understanding the Implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India and more Lecture notes Business in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Goods and Services Tax One Country One Tax One Market FAQs on Goods and Services Tax (GST) Question 1. What is GST? How does it work? Answer: GST is one indirect tax for the whole nation, which will make India one unified common market. GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services, right from the manufacturer to the consumer. Credits of input taxes paid at each stage will be available in the subsequent stage of value addition, which makes GST essentially a tax only on value addition at each stage. The final consumer will thus bear only the GST charged by the last dealer in the supply chain, with set-off benefits at all the previous stages. Question 2. What are the benefits of GST? Answer: The benefits of GST can be summarized as under:  For business and industry o Easy compliance: A robust and comprehensive IT system would be the foundation of the GST regime in India. Therefore, all tax payer services such as registrations, returns, payments, etc. would be available to the taxpayers online, which would make compliance easy and transparent. o Uniformity of tax rates and structures: GST will ensure that indirect tax rates and structures are common across the country, thereby increasing certainty and 2 ease of doing business. In other words, GST would make doing business in the country tax neutral, irrespective of the choice of place of doing business. o Removal of cascading: A system of seamless tax-credits throughout the value-chain, and across boundaries of States, would ensure that there is minimal cascading of taxes. This would reduce hidden costs of doing business. o Improved competitiveness: Reduction in transaction costs of doing business would eventually lead to an improved competitiveness for the trade and industry. o Gain to manufacturers and exporters: The subsuming of major Central and State taxes in GST, complete and comprehensive set-off of input goods and services and phasing out of Central Sales Tax (CST) would reduce the cost of locally manufactured goods and services. This will increase the competitiveness of Indian goods and services in the international market and give boost to Indian exports. The uniformity in tax rates and procedures across the country will also go a long way in reducing the compliance cost.  For Central and State Governments o Simple and easy to administer: Multiple indirect taxes at the Central and State levels are being replaced by GST. Backed with a robust end-to-end IT system, GST would be simpler and easier to administer than all other indirect taxes of the Centre and State levied so far. o Better controls on leakage: GST will result in better tax compliance due to a robust IT infrastructure. Due to the seamless transfer of input tax credit from one stage to another in the chain of value addition, there is an in- built mechanism in the design of GST that would incentivize tax compliance by traders. o Higher revenue efficiency: GST is expected to decrease the cost of collection of tax revenues of the 5 Government of India, State Governments and the Empowered Committee was constituted. h. This Committee did a detailed discussion on GST design including the Constitution (115th) Amendment Bill and submitted its report in January, 2013. Based on this Report, the EC recommended certain changes in the Constitution Amendment Bill in their meeting at Bhubaneswar in January 2013. i. The Empowered Committee in the Bhubaneswar meeting also decided to constitute three committees of officers to discuss and report on various aspects of GST as follows:- (a) Committee on Place of Supply Rules and Revenue Neutral Rates; (b) Committee on dual control, threshold and exemptions; (c) Committee on IGST and GST on imports. j. The Parliamentary Standing Committee submitted its Report in August, 2013 to the Lok Sabha. The recommendations of the Empowered Committee and the recommendations of the Parliamentary Standing Committee were examined in the Ministry in consultation with the Legislative Department. Most of the recommendations made by the Empowered Committee and the Parliamentary Standing Committee were accepted and the draft Amendment Bill was suitably revised. k. The final draft Constitutional Amendment Bill incorporating the above stated changes were sent to the Empowered Committee for consideration in September 2013. l. The EC once again made certain recommendations on the Bill after its meeting in Shillong in November 2013. Certain recommendations of the Empowered Committee were incorporated in the draft Constitution (115th Amendment) Bill. The revised draft was sent for consideration of the Empowered Committee in March, 2014. m. The 115th Constitutional (Amendment) Bill, 2011, for the introduction of GST introduced in the Lok Sabha in March 2011 lapsed with the dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha. n. In June 2014, the draft Constitution Amendment Bill was sent to the Empowered Committee after approval of the new Government. 6 o. Based on a broad consensus reached with the Empowered Committee on the contours of the Bill, the Cabinet on 17.12.2014 approved the proposal for introduction of a Bill in the Parliament for amending the Constitution of India to facilitate the introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in the country. The Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 19.12.2014, and was passed by the Lok Sabha on 06.05.2015. It was then referred to the Select Committee of Rajya Sabha, which submitted its report on 22.07.2015. Question 5. How would GST be administered in India? Answer: Keeping in mind the federal structure of India, there will be two components of GST – Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST). Both Centre and States will simultaneously levy GST across the value chain. Tax will be levied on every supply of goods and services. Centre would levy and collect Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), and States would levy and collect the State Goods and Services Tax (SGST) on all transactions within a State. The input tax credit of CGST would be available for discharging the CGST liability on the output at each stage. Similarly, the credit of SGST paid on inputs would be allowed for paying the SGST on output. No cross utilization of credit would be permitted. Question 6. How would a particular transaction of goods and services be taxed simultaneously under Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST)? Answer : The Central GST and the State GST would be levied simultaneously on every transaction of supply of goods and services except on exempted goods and services, goods which are outside the purview of GST and the transactions which are below the prescribed threshold limits. Further, both would be levied on the same price or value unlike State VAT which is levied on the value of the goods inclusive of Central Excise. A diagrammatic representation of the working of the Dual GST model within a State is shown in Figure 1 below. 7 Figure 1: GST within State Question 7. Will cross utilization of credits between goods and services be allowed under GST regime? Answer : Cross utilization of credit of CGST between goods and services would be allowed. Similarly, the facility of cross utilization of credit will be available in case of SGST. However, the cross utilization of CGST and SGST would not be allowed except in the case of inter-State supply of goods and services under the IGST model which is explained in answer to the next question. Question 8. How will be Inter-State Transactions of Goods and Services be taxed under GST in terms of IGST method? Answer: In case of inter-State transactions, the Centre would levy and collect the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) on all inter-State supplies of goods and services under Article 269A (1) of the Constitution. The IGST would roughly be equal to CGST plus SGST. The IGST mechanism has been designed to ensure seamless Dual GST within State: Working Example Timber Maker Furniture Retailer Furniture Maker Final Consumer Centre CGST @10% Tax Invoice A Cost of Goods = Rs.100 SGST @ 10% = Rs. 10 CGST @ 10% = Rs. 10 Total = Rs. 120 Tax Invoice B Cost of Goods = Rs.200 SGST @ 10% = Rs. 20 CGST @ 10% = Rs. 20 Total = Rs. 240 Tax Invoice C Cost of Goods = Rs.300 SGST @ 10% = Rs. 30 CGST @ 10% = Rs. 30 Total = Rs. 360 A B C SGST Paid = Rs. 10 (Rs. 30 – Rs. 20 Input Tax Credit) SGST Paid = Rs. 10 (Rs. 20 – Rs. 10 Input Tax Credit) State SGST @10% SGST Paid = Rs. 10 CGST Paid = Rs. 10 (Rs. 20 – Rs. 10 Input Tax Credit) CGST Paid = Rs. 10 (Rs. 30 – Rs. 20 Input Tax Credit) CGST Paid = Rs. 10 10 Question 11. What are the major features of the Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill, 2014? Answer : The salient features of the Bill are as follows: g. Conferring simultaneous power upon Parliament and the State Legislatures to make laws governing goods and services tax; h. Subsuming of various Central indirect taxes and levies such as Central Excise Duty, Additional Excise Duties, Service Tax, Additional Customs Duty commonly known as Countervailing Duty, and Special Additional Duty of Customs; i. Subsuming of State Value Added Tax/Sales Tax, Entertainment Tax (other than the tax levied by the local bodies), Central Sales Tax (levied by the Centre and collected by the States), Octroi and Entry tax, Purchase Tax, Luxury tax, and Taxes on lottery, betting and gambling; j. Dispensing with the concept of ‘declared goods of special importance’ under the Constitution; k. Levy of Integrated Goods and Services Tax on inter-State transactions of goods and services; l. GST to be levied on all goods and services, except alcoholic liquor for human consumption. Petroleum and petroleum products shall be subject to the levy of GST on a later date notified on the recommendation of the Goods and Services Tax Council; m. Compensation to the States for loss of revenue arising on account of implementation of the Goods and Services Tax for a period of five years; n. Creation of Goods and Services Tax Council to examine issues relating to goods and services tax and make recommendations to the Union and the States on parameters like rates, taxes, cesses and surcharges to be subsumed, exemption list and threshold limits, Model GST laws, etc. The Council shall function under the Chairmanship of the Union Finance Minister and will have all the State Governments as Members. Question 12. What are the major features of the proposed registration procedures under GST? 11 Answer: The major features of the proposed registration procedures under GST are as follows: i. Existing dealers: Existing VAT/Central excise/Service Tax payers will not have to apply afresh for registration under GST. ii. New dealers: Single application to be filed online for registration under GST. iii. The registration number will be PAN based and will serve the purpose for Centre and State. iv. Unified application to both tax authorities. v. Each dealer to be given unique ID GSTIN. vi. Deemed approval within three days. vii. Post registration verification in risk based cases only. Question 13. What are the major features of the proposed returns filing procedures under GST? Answer: The major features of the proposed returns filing procedures under GST are as follows: a. Common return would serve the purpose of both Centre and State Government. b. There are eight forms provided for in the GST business processes for filing for returns. Most of the average tax payers would be using only four forms for filing their returns. These are return for supplies, return for purchases, monthly returns and annual return. c. Small taxpayers: Small taxpayers who have opted composition scheme shall have to file return on quarterly basis. d. Filing of returns shall be completely online. All taxes can also be paid onine. Question 14. What are the major features of the proposed payment procedures under GST? Answer: The major features of the proposed payments procedures under GST are as follows: i. Electronic payment process- no generation of paper at any stage ii. Single point interface for challan generation- GSTN 12 iii. Ease of payment – payment can be made through online banking, Credit Card/Debit Card, NEFT/RTGS and through cheque/cash at the bank iv. Common challan form with auto-population features v. Use of single challan and single payment instrument vi. Common set of authorized banks vii. Common Accounting Codes