Computer Hardware and Networking Fundamentals, Exams of Information Systems

Download Computer Hardware and Networking Fundamentals and more Exams Information Systems in PDF only on Docsity! FBLA Intro to Info Tech Final Exam. Questions with Correct Answers Hardware - Correct answer The stuff you can actually see and touch, and would likely break if you threw it out a fifth-story window. Software - Correct answer The programs and other operating information used by a computer. Motherboard - Correct answer The main circuit board of your computer. If you ever open your computer, the biggest piece of silicon you see. Attached is CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports. CPU - Correct answer The brain of the computer. RAM - Correct answer A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.the most common type of memory found in computers. ROM - Correct answer Memory containing hardwired instructions that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. Video Card - Correct answer A printed circuit board controlling output to a display screen. Hard Drive - Correct answer What stores all your data. Optical Drive - Correct answer Lasers that can read data on optical discs. Sound Card - Correct answer A device that can be slotted into a computer to allow the use of audio components. Network Interface Card (NIC) - Correct answer Pronounced "nick," this is the card that physically makes the connection between the computer and the network cable. These cards typically use an Ethernet connection. FireWire - Correct answer Developed by Apple, a technology that allows high-speed communication and data exchange between a computer and a peripheral or between two computers. Expansion Card - Correct answer A printed circuit board that can be installed in computer to add functionality to it. For example, a user may add a new graphics card to his computer to give it more 3D graphics processing power. An audio engineer may add a professional sound card to his machine to increase the computer's audio input and output connections. Router - Correct answer This is a hardware device that routes data from a local area network (LAN) to another network connection. Bridge - Correct answer Connects two or more networks together. Brouter - Correct answer A device that functions as both a bridge and a router. Gateway - Correct answer Either hardware or software that acts as a bridge between two networks so that data can be transferred between a number of computers. Network Topology - Correct answer The arrangement of systems on a computer network. Star Network - Correct answer One central note is connected to each of the other nodes on a network. Similar to a hub connected to the spokes in a wheel. Ring Network - Correct answer Each node is connected to exactly two other nodes, forming a ring. Can be visualized as a circular configuration. Requires at least three nodes. Line Network - Correct answer Nodes are arranged in a line, where most nodes are connected to two other nodes. However, the first and last node are not connected like they are in a ring. Bus Network - Correct answer Each node is connected to a central bus that runs along the entire network. All information transmitted across the bus can be received by any system in the network. Tree Network - Correct answer One "root" node connects to other nodes, which in turn connect to other nodes, forming a tree structure. Information from the root node may have to pass through other nodes to reach the end nodes. Access Point - Correct answer Aa device, such as a wireless router, that allows wireless devices to connect to a network. Database - Correct answer A collection of related data. Relational Database Management System (DBMS) - Correct answer A software that allows users to create, maintain, and query your data in the related tables. Database Server - Correct answer The term used to refer to the back-end system of a database application using client/server architecture. Query - Correct answer Another word for question. Search Engine Results Page (SERP) - Correct answer The page that you see after you perform a search using a search engine. Structured Query Language (SQL) - Correct answer A query language used for accessing and modifying information in a database. Relational Database - Correct answer A database that treats all of its data as a collection of relations SET - Correct answer Any collection of distinct entities of any sort. Entity-Relationship (ER) Data Model - Correct answer A semantically rich model that can be mapped to a relational system. Personal Computer - Correct answer A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. Mainframe - Correct answer A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and, in general, a higher- quality monitor. Minicomputer - Correct answer A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously. Mainframe computer - Correct answer A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. Supercomputer - Correct answer An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) - Correct answer A handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. Local Area Network (LAN) - Correct answer A computer network limited to a small area such as an office building, university, or even a residential home. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) - Correct answer A LAN based on WiFi wireless network technology Wide Area Network (WAN) - Correct answer Similar to a Local Area Network (LAN), but it's a lot bigger. They are not limited to a single location. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - Correct answer A network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. Typically owned an operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation. Personal Area Network (PAN) - Correct answer Allows two or more devices located close to each other to communicate or to connect a device to the Internet. Devices are connected with cables or wireless. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Correct answer It is medium for transferring data over regular phone lines and can be used to connect to the Internet. Provides a speed from 128 kbps to 3 mbps. Windows RAM (WRAM) - Correct answer A type of RAM that supports two ports. Disk Operating System (DOS) - Correct answer The first operating system used by IBM-compatible computers. Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) - Correct answer One of the most widely-used hard drive interfaces on the market. Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) - Correct answer A type of expansion slot designed specifically for graphics cards. Cache Memory - Correct answer A special, high speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU itself that stores frequently accessed and recently accessed data and commands. Virtual Memory - Correct answer Space on the computer's storage devices that simulates additional RAM. Non-Volatile Memory/Permanent Memory - Correct answer Never changes, remains intact when the computer is turned off (ROM). Sender - Correct answer The computer that orriginates the message. Channel - Correct answer The way the message is sent. Receiver - Correct answer The computer that receives the message. Protocol - Correct answer The rules that establish an orderly transfer of data between the sender and the receiver. Internet Protocol (IP) - Correct answer Provides a standard set of rules for sending and receiving data through the Internet. Port - Correct answer Where an external peripheral device is connected. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) - Correct answer Term describing networks connected using a standard radio frequency establish by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Malware - Correct answer Any program intended to cause harm or convey information to others without the owner's permission Adware - Correct answer A free software that is supported by advertisements. Inventory Management Software - Correct answer A type of software helps an organization in tracking its goods and materials on the basis of quality as well as quantity. Utility Software - Correct answer Also known as service routine, _______ software helps in the management of computer hardware and application software. Shareware - Correct answer Software that you can use on a trial basis before paying for it. Freeware - Correct answer Software you can download, pass around, and distribute without any initial payment. Antivirus Software - Correct answer Searches for sequences of characters that may cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing those commands. Spyware - Correct answer Tracks your internet usage and sends data without the user's permission or knowledge. Architecture/Configuration - Correct answer Design and construction of a computer. Circuit Board - Correct answer A rigid piece of insulating material with electrical paths on it that control specific functions. Ergonomics - Correct answer Keyboard designed to fit the natural placement of your hands with the intention of reducing the risk of repetitive-motion injuries.