Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy Terminology - Lecture Slides | ABAS 4510, Study notes of Agricultural engineering

Download Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy Terminology - Lecture Slides | ABAS 4510 and more Study notes Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy Terminology Vulva – The external genitalia of the female. Keeps out large contaminates. * Everything is designed to protect the fetus. Vulva is made up of the dorsal and ventral commissure, labia majora and labia minora. Cutaneous Bridge – Skin bridge between the rectum and the vulva. Dorsal Commissure – A seam or a line resulting from the site of union of two components of an organ system. The point of junction between the two labia of the Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 2 Clitoris – A small body of highly innervated erectile tissue located in the posterior extremity of the ventral vaginal floor. It is the homologue of the penis. It is full of nerve endings for sexual stimulation. Vestibule – The portion of the vagina cranial to the clitoris extending to and including the urethral opening. It is common to both the urinary and reproductive systems. Primary function is to secrete vestibular fluid for lubrication; secondary effect is anti- microbial. Starts after labia minora, and ends at the urethral orifice. Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 5 Vagina – The female copulatory organ that connects the external genitalia to the cervix. Holds the penis during copulation. Urinary Bladder – Where urine is stored. Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 6 Urethra – Connects the bladder to the vestibule. Urethral Orifice – Opening from urethra into vestibule. Suburethral Diverticulum – An outpocketing of tissue located just beneath the urethra that forms a blind pouch with probably no functional significance. Blind pocked located below the urethral orifice and goes nowhere. Definitive line between vestibule and vagina. Fornix Vagina – The cranial portion of the vagina that forms a crypt extending cranially to the cervix. Where sperm is deposited in ruminants and horses (not pigs). Area (folds) around cervix. Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 7 Internal Uterine Bifurcation – The internal point in which the uterus splits into two separate horns. External Uterine Bifurcation – The external point of separation (forking) of the two uterine horns. Uterine Horns – The portions of the uterus that are the result of the incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts. Where implantation of the embryo takes place. Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 10 Broad Ligament – The ligament (continuous with the peritoneum) that supports the female reproductive tract consisting of the mesometrium, the mesosalpinx and the mesovarium. Holds uterus and reproductive track to pelvis. Endometrium – The mucosal lining of the uterus. Lining of the uterus (including body and horns); important in the implantation of the embryo. Myometrium – The smooth muscle layer of the uterus consisting of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer. Muscle layer that lies under the endometrium. Caruncles – In ruminants, a button-like area of the uterine endometrium that will form the maternal side of the cotyledonary placenta. Highly vascular and non-glandular regions of the ruminant uterus that protrude from the endometrial surface. They will form the maternal cotyledon, the maternal contribution to the placentome. Bumps in the Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 11 uterine horns. Tells what type of placentation occurs, attachment of the placenta/embryo onto caruncles. Uterotubal Junction – The site where the oviduct joins the uterus. Where the uterus ends and oviduct begins. Function is to regulate movement of sperm and ovum. Oviduct – The small, usually convoluted ducts (Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes) originating embryologically from the paramesonephric ducts that transport ova and Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 12 Corpus Luteum – An orange to yellow collored transient endocrine structure formed after ovulation from granulosal and thecal cells of the ovarian follicle. The corpus luteum is responsible for producing progesterone and oxytocin. Production of progesterone. At spot of hemorrhagicum. Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 15 Corpus Hemorrhagicum – A small, blood clot that results from rupture of blood vessels during ovulation. Rupture of blood vessels. Corpus Albicans – A white scar-like fibrous ovarian structure that represents advanced regreassion of the corpus luteum. Originates from hemorrhagicum, scar generated from hemorrhage (pitted and darker in color). Female Bovine Reproductive Anatomy 16