female reproductive system, Study notes of History

Download female reproductive system and more Study notes History in PDF only on Docsity! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system Understand the functions and disorders of the female reproductive system 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 5 Functions of the female reproductive system  Fallopian tubes (oviducts)  Lined with mucous membrane, smooth muscle and ciliated projections called fimbriae.  Ova are propelled down the oviducts to the uterus. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 6 Functions of the female reproductive system  Uterus  Functions as a holding tank for unborn fetus.  Contains 3 layers: perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 7 Functions of the female reproductive system  Cervix  Allows flow of menstrual blood through the opening  Directs sperm to the uterus 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 10 Functions of the female reproductive system  Mammary glands (breasts)  Main function: produce milk for infants 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 11 Functions of the female reproductive system  Menstrual Cycle  Usually 28 days  Four stages  Follicle stage  Ovulation stage  Corpus luteum stage  Menstruation stage 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 12 Functions of the female reproductive system  Follicle stage  Usually lasts about 10 days  Follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormone is released by the pituitary  FSH stimulates the follicle and ovum to mature  Resulting in the release of estrogen and preparation of the uterine lining 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 15 Functions of the female reproductive system  Menstruation stage  Final stage if fertilization of the ova has not taken place  The corpus luteum diminishes progesterone production  The uterine lining is broken down and discharged over the course of 3 to 6 days 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 16 Functions of the female reproductive system 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 17 Disorders of the female reproductive system Breast cancer  The leading cause of death in woman between the ages of 32 and 52  Treatment  Chemotherapy  Radiation therapy  Partial or full mastectomy  Lumpectomy  Life saving measures  Monthly breast exams  Mammogram  Ultrasound 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 20 Disorders of the female reproductive system Endometriosis  Discuss endometriosis.  What are some symptoms?  What are some side effects?  How is it treated? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 21 Disorders of the female reproductive system Mastitis  What is mastitis?  What causes it?  How is it contracted?  How is it treated? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 22 Disorders of the female reproductive system Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)  Define PID.  What are risk factors?  What are some complications of PID?  How is PID treated? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 25 Disorders of the female reproductive system Vaginal yeast infection  What is the cause?  How can it be prevented?  How is it treated? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 26 Relevance of nutrients to the female reproductive system  The female reproductive system plays a vital role in homeostasis  Help regulate hormonal balance and fetal development during pregnancy Understand the functions and disorders of the male reproductive system Function of the male reproductive system Define reproduction 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 30 Functions of the male reproductive system: Discuss the functions of these structures: Testes  Seminiferous tubules  Epididymis 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 31 Functions of the male reproductive system Sperm  What is the function of the sperm?  How many sperm does the average male have?  How is this different from the female reproductive system? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 32 Functions of the male reproductive system: Urethra How does the urethra serve the reproductive system? Connects with what structure of the urinary system? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 35 Functions of the male reproductive system: Prostate gland What is the function of the secretion produced by the prostate gland? What would happen it this hypertrophied? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 36 Functions of the male reproductive system: Bulbourethral glands Also called Cowper’s gland What is the function of the secretion produced by the bulbourethral glands? How is it important to reproduction? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 37 Disorders of the male reproductive system and their treatments Epididymitis  What are the most common causes epididymitis?  What are some risk factors that predispose someone to this condition? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 40 Disorders of the male reproductive system and their treatments Erectile Dysfunction Also known as impotence Failure of the penis to become rigid enough for intercourse to occur.  Common causes: Acute Chronic How is it treated? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 41 Disorders of the male reproductive system and their treatments Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)  What are the usual symptoms?  How is most likely to develop BPH?  How is it treated?  Is it cancer? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 42 Disorders of the male reproductive system and their treatments 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 45 Testicular self-examination  Testicular self-examination is an examination of the testicles. The testicles (also called the testes) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They are located in the scrotum under the penis.  Perform this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. It's best to do the test while standing. Disorders of the male reproductive system and their treatments 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 46 Testicular self-examination  1.Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle.  2.Hold the testicle with one hand while firmly but gently rolling the fingers of the other hand over the testicle to examine the entire surface.  3.Repeat the procedure with the other testicle. You may perform a testicular self-exam every month if you have any of the following risk factors:  •Family history of testicular cancer  •Past testicular tumor  •Undescended testicle  •You are a teenager or young adult Reproductive process: conception 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 47 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 50 Functions of the female reproductive system Pregnancy  Define pregnancy  What is the human gestational period?  Terms to remember:  Embryo  1-8 weeks  Fetus  9-40 weeks  Newborn  At birth Reproductive process: fetal development  6-8 weeks  12-14 weeks  17-19 weeks  5-6 months 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 51 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 52 Functions of the female reproductive system Labor  Dilation stage  The uterine smooth muscle begins to contract  Contractions move the fetus down the uterus and cause the cervix to dilate  The cervix is completely dilated at 10 centimeters 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 55 Disorders of the female reproductive system Ectopic pregnancy  What does ectopic mean?  What are some symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?  What is the most common treatment option?  What are the risk factors? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 56 Disorders of the female reproductive system Postpartum depression  New mothers often feel restless, anxious, fatigued and worthless  Some new moms worry they will hurt themselves or their babies  Unlike the "baby blues," postpartum depression does not go away quickly  What causes this condition? 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 57 Disorders of the female reproductive system Infertility  Unable to become pregnant after a year of trying  If a woman keeps having spontaneous abortions, it is also called infertility Reproductive process: male contraception Abstinence Vasectomy  Vas / ectomy  Permanent Condoms Compare the benefits and concerns with each form of male contraception. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 60 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 61 Sexually transmitted infections  Chlamydia  Genital warts  Gonorrhea  Herpes  HIV  Syphilis  Trichomonas 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive system 62 Essential questions  What are the functions of the female reproductive system?  What are some common disorders of the female reproductive system?  What is the function of the male reproductive system?  What are some common disorders of the male reproductive system?  How do the male and female reproductive system work together?  How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the male and female reproductive systems?