Download female reproductive system anatomy of the uterus for beginners. and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ANATOMY OF THE UTERUS Uterus is the secondary sex organ of female reproductive system located between bladder and rectum. It functions to nourish a fertilized egg until the fetus ready to delivered. Shape: Inverted PearShaped muscular organ. Anatomical position of uterus Exact anatomical position of uterus varies with the degree of distention of the bladder. The uterus normally lies posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. Uterus normally described as anteverted with respect to vagina and anteflexed with respect to cervix. Anteverted: Rotated forward, towards the anterior surface of the body. Anteflexed: Flexed towards the anterior surface the body. Parts of the uterus Uterus has mainly three parts. Fundus: Dome shape, situated at the top of the uterus, broad and curved, connects fallopian tube to the uterus. Body: Main part of the uterus, starts directly below the fallopian tube and extends down words until the uterine walls and cavity begins to narrow called isthmus. Cervix: Cervix extends down word from the isthmus and continues down word until it opens in to vagina. Histological structure The fundus and body of the uterus are composed of three tissue layers. Peritoneum: A double layered membrane continues with the abdominal peritoneum. Myometrium: Thick smooth muscle layer. Muscle fibers runs longitudinally, circularly and obliquely. This cell undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy. Endometrium: Inner mucus membrane lining the uterus. It is further divided in to two. 1. Deep stratum basalis: small changes occur during menstrual cycle and is not shed out during menstruation. 2. Superficial stratum functionalis: Shed out during menstruation and proliferate from stratum basalis.
