Download Understanding Civilization: Short-Term Behavior vs. Development & Urbanization and more Quizzes Environmental Archaeology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Civilization: Short Term Behavior vs. Based on Development DEFINITION 1 For short-term behavior, civilization is how civilized a group is. But in terms of development, civlization is identified by 1) urbanized state level societies; 2) city-based centers, where people crowded together; 3) centralized accumulation of economic resources as economies changed & value, not components, was given to products; 4) advances in formal record keeping for different forms of accounting & writing due to expansion; 5) monumental architecture, such as megalithic architecture for complex civilizations with surpluses; 6) state approved religion to interact w/ the pop as religion effected politics. TERM 2 Complexity DEFINITION 2 The complexity of a civilization depends on 1) the group size of the population, which increased during the Agricultural Revolution from families to communities, etc., causing social interaction to increase as well; 2) technology, which drove the economy; 3) the division of labor or specialization; 4) economy; 5) trade, which is the exchange b/w different groups, & controlled trade, which is the hallmark of states & civilized groups for they limited access for economic & political return; 6) conflicts/how large they were & how they organized, such as in warfare, & an example is a military; 7) control, such as a controlled trade. TERM 3 Society DEFINITION 3 A group of people, who share the same geographic territory; and is connected by kinship, as well as by culture & institutions. In general, there is no hierarchy. Societies are classified as 1) bands, which are small mobile hunter-gatherer groups that are loosely knit; 2) tribes, which are segementary societies based on kinship; 3) chiefdoms, which are ruled by a Queen or a King; 4) states. TERM 4 Urbanization DEFINITION 4 1) Step up from villages; developed agricultural lands to cities b/c 2nd Agricultural Revolution increased production & led to surplus & specialization. 2) Urbanized societies: footprint of a city b/c of a very large population, service-orientation related to agriculture trade, & removed from primary agricultural duties; have specialized material culture; have a division of labor with a service sector & occupations that aren't directly linked to primary production; have civic & religious structures, whose architectural record is recognized as structures w/o a role in primary production for they have higher level purposes TERM 5 City DEFINITION 5 1) Population2000 people & more: above kinship & familial relations, simple levels of organization, & higher level of complexity than an urbanized society. 2) Sizelarge & dense settlement. 3) Occupationspecialization: Cities have greater degree of specialization than urbanized societies. 4) Organizational complexity. 5) Functionconnected significance. Earliest cities are Uruk, iraq; Harappa, Punjab--ca. 3000 BC
