Criminology Terminology and Theories: A Comprehensive Overview, Quizzes of Criminology

Download Criminology Terminology and Theories: A Comprehensive Overview and more Quizzes Criminology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 correlates of crime DEFINITION 1 male- homicide, assault, robbery female- sexual assault, rape TERM 2 what are possibly some policy implications of biological theories? DEFINITION 2 theory has no basis in research TERM 3 what are some biological reasons for the gender differential in offending? what about within gender? DEFINITION 3 MAOA Testosterone PMS TERM 4 who is the main thinker of positivism and what is he known as? DEFINITION 4 cessare baccaria known as the father of criminology TERM 5 what does wolfgang and ferricutis subculture of violence theory focus on explaining? DEFINITION 5 subculture of violence poor areas=violent crime TERM 6 according to sampson and laub, why do people begin offending and what are the most important turning points in an offenders life DEFINITION 6 people begin offending when their ties to society have been weakened or broken 1) marriage 2) stable job TERM 7 what did lemert argue about labels? DEFINITION 7 people are constantly running the risk of being labeled with delinquent but only few people are labelled TERM 8 what did tannenbaum try to explain? DEFINITION 8 labelling and why they continue to commit crime TERM 9 how do gottsfredson and hirschi view the age- crime curve? DEFINITION 9 invariant TERM 10 what are the two factors that cause crime according to self control theory? DEFINITION 10 self control opportunity TERM 21 what are the three techniques of situational crime prevention? DEFINITION 21 increase risk increase efforts decrease rewards TERM 22 what theory is the SHU based on? DEFINITION 22 general deterrence TERM 23 why is osgood et al's test of routine activities theory so important? DEFINITION 23 it shows that unstructuralized socialization with peers leads to delinquency regardless of the level of peer delinquency TERM 24 what did loewenstein and colleagues find regarding sexual assault? DEFINITION 24 after being exposed to arousal and questions about sexual assault, people were more likely to report a sexual assault crime TERM 25 how do offenders make decisions according to rational choice theory? DEFINITION 25 by weighing the costs and benefits TERM 26 what is the legacy of the classical school? what does the story of ronald cotton demonstrate? DEFINITION 26 1) man is hedonistic 2) man will weigh costs and benefits 3) if punishment is swift, certain, and severe crime will be deterred 4) right to due process 5) society is made possible by cooperation ronald cotton= due process TERM 27 what does routine activities theory set out to explain? according to this theory why did the crime rate increase in the 1960's? DEFINITION 27 set out to explain how crime occurs at the convenience of the offender, target, and lack of capable guardian 1) increased wealth 2) spending time at home TERM 28 what are some policy implications of choice theories? DEFINITION 28 increase rewards decrease situational crime prevention TERM 29 who is most likely to be the victim of crime? who is most likely to be an offender? DEFINITION 29 victim- young black male SES offender- white male, aggregate statistics TERM 30 regional patterns of crime DEFINITION 30 highest in the south lowest in the north TERM 31 what is the role of theory in the field of criminology? DEFINITION 31 to explain why people commit crime TERM 32 what is the role of research in criminology? DEFINITION 32 to evaluate crime control policies, imitate clarity and extend theory TERM 33 what are the three main sources of crime data and what are their advantages/disadvantages? DEFINITION 33 UCR- A: crime rate statistics since the 1930's D: hierarchy rule, dark figure of crime NCVS- A: crime doesn't have to be reported D: inaccurate reports, telescoping, time and sample bias NIBRS- A: incident driven, attempted vs. completed crime TERM 34 what are the two competing schools of thought to come out of early criminology? DEFINITION 34 the classical school positivism