Sociology of Crime and Deviance: Key Concepts and Theories, Quizzes of Criminology

Download Sociology of Crime and Deviance: Key Concepts and Theories and more Quizzes Criminology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 anomie (Merton) DEFINITION 1 disjuncture between socially approved means to success and legitimate goals ex. of acceptable means-school ex. of legitimate goals- college education not everyone has access to acceptable means TERM 2 5 Modes of adaptation DEFINITION 2 innovation- criminal adaptation (martha stewart) retreatism- deviant adaptation, dont accept goals or means (alcoholics) conformity- angelic adaptation (president) ritualism- dont need wealth or status but ok with working hard (Michael scott) rebellion- reject goals and means, no use for either and replace goals and means of your own (hippies) TERM 3 life course persistent vs. adolescent limited DEFINITION 3 2 groups of offenders life course persistent- commit crime all of your life due to brain issues and situational interations adolescent limited- begin offending in teen years TERM 4 street vs. decent DEFINITION 4 constant search for respect within the community street- "thug" life decent- family, jobs, law abiding TERM 5 differential association theory DEFINITION 5 crime is learned through close intimate personal groups TERM 6 priority DEFINITION 6 preference that individuals express towards the values or attitudes exposed TERM 7 intensity DEFINITION 7 degree or meaning attached to the exposure TERM 8 duration DEFINITION 8 length of time exposed to contacts TERM 9 frequency DEFINITION 9 # of contacts/definitions TERM 10 Hirschi's social bond theory DEFINITION 10 delinquency takes place when a persons bonds to society is weakened or broken TERM 21 selection vs. socialization DEFINITION 21 if you are delinquent, you choose to socialize with delinquent friends if you socialize with delinquent friends you will become delinquent TERM 22 positivism DEFINITION 22 focus on biological factors/criminal conditions that cause crime TERM 23 phrenology DEFINITION 23 measure points on the skull to determine criminal behavior TERM 24 atavism DEFINITION 24 physically distinctive features in regard to biological make up that are used to determine criminality TERM 25 theory of somatypes DEFINITION 25 argued that differences in embryonic development causes different body types to develop, leading to delinquency TERM 26 endomorphs DEFINITION 26 slow, soft, comfort, loving ---> non delinquent TERM 27 ectomorph DEFINITION 27 lean and fragile---> non delinquent TERM 28 mesomorph DEFINITION 28 athletic, muscular, aggressive ---> delinquent TERM 29 Anomie (Durkheim) DEFINITION 29 society without norms TERM 30 middle class measuring rod DEFINITION 30 youth are held to the standards of the upper and middle class regardless of their own status lower class youth are often delinquent TERM 31 status frustration DEFINITION 31 kids in lower class cannot achieve upper class goals, can achieve status by crime TERM 32 reaction formation DEFINITION 32 process in which someone openly rejects what they really want but cannot achieve TERM 33 collective efficiacy DEFINITION 33 social cohesion and willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good less involvement in poor neighborhoods TERM 34 cultural transmission DEFINITION 34 older delinquents are schooling younger delinquents about delinquency TERM 35 utilitarian philosophy DEFINITION 35 social action should be based on the greater good of society TERM 46 burglary DEFINITION 46 the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft TERM 47 robbery DEFINITION 47 theft of property either by force or threat of force TERM 48 larceny DEFINITION 48 taking, riding away, theft of property TERM 49 2nd degree murder DEFINITION 49 crime of passion TERM 50 1st degree murder DEFINITION 50 premeditated TERM 51 involuntary manslaughter DEFINITION 51 "by accident" TERM 52 crime funnel DEFINITION 52 concept that significantly fewer criminals are incapacitated relative to the amount of crime that is committed TERM 53 conflict perspective DEFINITION 53 those in power make the law TERM 54 consensus perspective DEFINITION 54 crime is based on a shared set of values and norms TERM 55 mala prohibita DEFINITION 55 an act that is bad because it is prohibited TERM 56 mala se DEFINITION 56 an act that is bad within itself TERM 57 laws DEFINITION 57 formal modes of control TERM 58 mores DEFINITION 58 more serious customs moral judgments and legal sanctions TERM 59 folkways DEFINITION 59 traditions and usages with no legal sanctions